ഫലകം:Infobox calcium

Calcium, ₀₀Ca
Calcium
Appearance	dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ca)
	ഫലകം:Infobox element/standard atomic weight format
Calcium in the periodic table
	potassium ← calcium → scandium
Group	group 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Period	period 4
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1115 K (842 °C, 1548 °F)
Boiling point	1757 K (1484 °C, 2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	1.55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.929 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.00
Ionization energies	1st: 589.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius	176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius	231 pm
	Spectral lines of calcium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	22.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	201 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	33.6 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+40.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	20 GPa
Shear modulus	7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus	17 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	1.75
Brinell hardness	170–416 MPa
CAS Number	7440-70-2
History
Discovery and first isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Isotopes of calcium ക; തി;
	Template:infobox calcium isotopes does not exist
	വർഗ്ഗം: Calcium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Ca · Calcium
	^iso Ca E infobox E isobox	→ H ibox H
[[:Category:\|cat:Ca]] (0) cat:Ca-isotopes (0) Commons Wikidata: Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) ക തി

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Top image	view edit
image caption	view edit
image alt	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Category (enwiki)	view edit
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit

References

↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Two of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

<ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
<ref name="West" /> for the source edited by Kneck et al.

ഫലകം:വിവരണം/ഭാഗം

[1] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[West-2] Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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