ഫലകം:Infobox nickel
A pitted and lumpy piece of nickel, with the top surface cut flat | |||||||||||||||
നിക്കൽ | |||||||||||||||
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Appearance | lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge | ||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ni) | |||||||||||||||
നിക്കൽ in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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Group | group 10 | ||||||||||||||
Period | period 4 | ||||||||||||||
Block | d-block | ||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 | ||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 16, 2 | ||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | ഖരം | ||||||||||||||
Melting point | 1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 3186 K (2913 °C, 5275 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 8.908 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.81 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 17.48 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 377.5 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 26.07 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | common: +2 −2,[3] −1,[4] 0,[5] +1,[6] +3,[4] +4[7] | ||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.91 | ||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 135 pm calculated: 149 pm | ||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 121 pm | ||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 163 pm | ||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of നിക്കൽ | |||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 13.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 90.9 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 69.3 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | ferromagnetic | ||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 200 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 76 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 180 GPa | ||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 4900 m/s (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | 0.31 | ||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 4.0 | ||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 638 MPa | ||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 700 MPa | ||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-02-0 | ||||||||||||||
Isotopes of നിക്കൽ | |||||||||||||||
Template:infobox നിക്കൽ isotopes does not exist | |||||||||||||||
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Nickel". CIAAW. 2007.
- ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ↑ Ni(–2) is known in Ni(COD)2−
2; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 45 (8). doi:10.1021/ic052110i. - ↑ മുകളിൽ ഇവിടേയ്ക്ക്: 4.0 4.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ↑ Ni(0) is known in Ni(CO)
4; see John E. Ellis (2006). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States". Inorganic Chemistry (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 45 (8). doi:10.1021/ic052110i. - ↑ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (18): 3357–61. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862. PMID 19322853.
- ↑ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (2): 290–4. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435. PMID 19021174.