ജോസഫ് ഹൈഡൻ

ഫ്രാൻസ് ജോസഫ് ഹൈഡൻ (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈdʒoʊzəf ˈhaɪdən/; German: [ˈjoːzɛf ˈhaɪdən] ( listen); 1732 മാർച്ച് 31^[1] – 1809 മേയ് 31), ഒരു ഓസ്ട്രിയൻ സംഗീതസംവിധായകനായിരുന്നു.^[2] ജോസഫ് ഹൈഡൻ എന്നായിരുന്നു ഇദ്ദേഹം പൊതുവിൽ അറിയാപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്.^[3] ക്ലാസ്സിക്കൽ കാലഘട്ടത്തിലെ പ്രധാന സംഗീതസംവിധായകരിലൊരാളായിരുന്നു ഇദ്ദേഹം. "സിംഫണിയുടെ പിതാവ്", "സ്ട്രിംഗ് ക്വാർട്ടറ്റിന്റെ പിതാവ്" എന്നും ഈ മേഖലയിൽ നൽകിയ സംഭാവനകളാൽ ഇദ്ദേഹം അറിയപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്. പിയാനോ ട്രയോ സൊണാറ്റ ഫോമിന്റെ പരിണാമം എന്നീ വിഷയങ്ങളിലും ഇദ്ദേഹം വലിയ സംഭാവനകൾ നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.^[4]^[5]

ജീവിതകാലം മുഴുവൻ ഇദ്ദേഹം ഓസ്ട്രിയയിലാണ് താമസിച്ചിരുന്നത്. ധനിക കുടുംബമായിരുന്ന എസ്റ്റർഹേസിയുടെ സദസ്സിലെ സംഗീതജ്ഞനായാണ് ഇദ്ദേഹം അധിക കാലവും കഴിഞ്ഞത്. മറ്റ് സംഗീതജ്ഞരിൽ നിന്നും സംഗീതത്തിലെ പുതിയ രീതികളിൽ നിന്നും തന്റെ ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ അവസാന ഘട്ടം വരെ ഇദ്ദേഹം വേറിട്ടാണ് നിലകൊണ്ടത്. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ തന്നെ വാക്കുകളിൽ ഇതിനാൽ "മൗലികമായ സൃഷ്ടികളുണ്ടാക്കാൻ ഇദ്ദേഹം നിർബന്ധിതനായിരുന്നു".^[6] At the time of his death, he was one of the most celebrated composers in Europe.

സംഗീതസംവിധായകൻ എന്ന നിലയി‌ൽ പ്രസിദ്ധനായ മൈക്കൽ ഹൈഡന്റെയും, ടെനർ ഗായകനായ ജൊഹാൻ ഇവാഞ്ജലിസ്റ്റ് ഹൈഡന്റെയും സഹോദരനാണിദ്ദേഹം. ഇദ്ദേഹം മൊസാർട്ടിന്റെ സുഹൃത്തും ബീഥോവന്റെ അദ്ധ്യാപകനുമായിരുന്നു.

കുറിപ്പുകൾ

↑ The date is uncertain. Haydn himself told others he was born on this day (Geiringer (1982, 9); Jones (1810, 8)), but some of his family members reported 1 April instead (Geiringer). The difficulty arises from the fact that in Haydn's day official records recorded not the birth date but rather the date of baptism, which in Haydn's case was 1 April (Wyn Jones 2009, 2–3).
↑ Webster and Feder, 2001
↑ Although he is sometimes called "Franz Joseph Haydn", the name "Franz" was not used in the composer's lifetime and is avoided by scholars today. (Webster, James: "Haydn, Joseph", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 18 January 2007), http://www.grovemusic.com Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine.). See also Haydn's name.
↑ Rosen 1997, pp. 43–54
↑ Smallman, Basil (1992). The Piano Trio: Its History, Technique, and Repertoire. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–19. ISBN 0-19-318307-2.
↑ Haydn made the remark to his friend and biographer Georg August Griesinger; cited from English version by Vernon Gotwals (Griesinger 1963:17)

അവലംബം

ജീവചരിത്രം സംബന്ധിച്ച സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

Dies, Albert Christoph (1963). "Biographical Accounts of Joseph Haydn". In Gotwals, Vernon, translator and editor (ed.). Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits. Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-02791-0. {{cite book}}: |editor-first= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) A translation from the original German: "Biographische Nachrichten von Joseph Haydn nach mündlichen Erzählungen desselben entworfen und herausgegeben" ("Biographical accounts of Joseph Haydn, written and edited from his own spoken narratives") (1810). Camesinaische Buchhandlung, Vienna. One of the first biographies of Haydn, written on the basis of 30 interviews carried out during the composer's old age.
Finscher, Ludwig (2000). Joseph Haydn und seine Zeit. Laaber: Laaber-Verlag. ISBN 3-921518-94-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Highly detailed discussion of life and work; in German.
Geiringer, Karl; Geiringer, Irene (1982). Haydn: A Creative Life in Music (3rd ed.). University of California. ISBN 0-520-04316-2. The first edition was published in 1946 with Karl Geiringer as the sole author.
Griesinger, Georg August (1963). "Biographical Notes Concerning Joseph Haydn". In Gotwals, Vernon, translator and editor (ed.). Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits. Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-02791-0. {{cite book}}: |editor-first= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) A translation from the original German: "Biographische Notizen über Joseph Haydn" (1810). Leipzig. Like Dies's, a biography produced from interviews with the elderly Haydn.
Hadden, James Cuthbert (2010). Haydn (Reissue ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1-108-01987-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hughes, Rosemary (1970). Haydn (Revised ed.). New York: Farrar Strauss and Giroux. ISBN 0-460-02281-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Originally published in 1950. Gives a sympathetic and witty account of Haydn's life, along with a survey of the music.
Jones, David Wyn (2009a) The Life of Haydn. Oxford University Press. Focuses on biography rather than musical works; an up-to-date study benefiting from recent scholarly research on Haydn's life and times.
Jones, David Wyn (2009b) Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford University Press. A one-volume encyclopedia with detailed contributions from many Haydn scholars.
Landon, H.C. Robbins (1976–1980). Haydn: Chronicle and Works. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-37003-5. An extensive compilation of original sources in five volumes.
Landon, H. C. Robbins; Jones, David Wyn (1988). Haydn: His Life and Music. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-37265-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Biography chapters by Robbins Landon, excerpted from Robbins Landon (1976–1980) and rich in original source documents. Analysis and appreciation of the works by Jones.
Larsen, Jens Peter (1980). "Joseph Haydn". New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Published separately as The New Grove: Haydn. New York: Norton. 1982. ISBN 0-393-01681-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Webster, James; Feder, Georg (2001). "Joseph Haydn". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Published separately as a book: The New Grove Haydn. New York: Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 0-19-516904-2. Careful scholarship with little subjective interpretation; covers both life and music, and includes a very detailed list of works.

വിമർശനങ്ങളും വിശകലനങ്ങളും സംബന്ധിച്ചുള്ള സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

Brendel, Alfred (2001). "Does classical music have to be entirely serious?". In Margalit, Edna; Margalit, Avishai (eds.). Isaiah Berlin: A Celebration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 193–204. ISBN 0-226-84096-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) On jokes in Haydn and Beethoven.
Celestini, Federico (2010). "Aspekte des Erhabenen in Haydns Spätwerk". In Celestini, Federico; Dorschel, Andreas (eds.). Arbeit am Kanon. Vienna: Universal Edition. pp. 16–41. ISBN 978-3-7024-6967-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) On the sublime in Haydn's later works; in German.
Clark, Caryl, ed. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Haydn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83347-7. Covers each of the genres Haydn composed in as well as stylistic and interpretive contexts and performance and reception.
Griffiths, Paul (1983). The String Quartet. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01311-X.
Hughes, Rosemary (1966). Haydn String Quartets. London: BBC. A brief (55 page) introduction to Haydn's string quartets.
Rosen, Charles (1997). The classical style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven (2nd ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-31712-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) First edition published in 1971. Covers much of Haydn's output and seeks to explicate Haydn's central role in the creation of the classical style. The work has been influential, provoking both positive citation and work (e.g., Webster 1991) written in reaction.
Sisman, Elaine (1993) Haydn and the classical variation. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-38315-X.
Sutcliffe, W. Dean (1989). "Haydn's Musical Personality". The Musical Times. 130 (1756): 341–344. doi:10.2307/966030. JSTOR 966030. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sutcliffe, W. Dean (1992). Haydn, string quartets, op. 50. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39103-2. Covers not just Op. 50 but also its relevance to Haydn's other output as well as his earlier quartets.
Webster, James (1991). Haydn's "Farewell" symphony and the idea of classical style: through-composition and cyclic integration in his instrumental music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38520-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) This book focuses on a single work, but contains many observations and opinions about Haydn in general.