റോഡഡെൻഡ്രൺ
(റോഡോഡെൻഡ്രോൺ എന്ന താളിൽ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവിട്ടതു പ്രകാരം)
റോഡഡെൻഡ്രൺ/ ˌroʊdədɛndrən / (പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്ക് ῥδον rhódon "rose", tree déndron "tree")[2][3] എറികേസിയേ (ഹീത്ത് ഫാമിലി) കുടുംബത്തിൽപ്പെട്ട 1,024 ഇനം വൃക്ഷ സസ്യങ്ങളുടെ ഒരു ജനുസ്സാണ്. ഏഷ്യയിലെ നിത്യഹരിതവനങ്ങളിലും ഇലപൊഴിയും കാടുകളിലുമാണ് ഇവ പ്രധാനമായും കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. വടക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിലെ അപ്പലേഷിയൻ മലനിരകളുടെ ഉന്നതതലത്തിലുടനീളം ഇത് വ്യാപകമാണ്. പൂക്കളുടെ താഴ്വര എന്ന് പ്രസിദ്ധമായ യംതാങ്ങ് വാലി പ്രദേശത്ത് ഷിങ്ബ റോഡഡെൻഡ്രൺ വന്യജീവി സങ്കേതം സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നു. സിക്കിമിന്റെ സംസ്ഥാന പുഷ്പം ആയ റോഡഡെൻഡ്രന്റെ ഇരുപത്തിനാല് ഇനങ്ങൾ ഇവിടെ കാണപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്. ഫെബ്രുവരി അവസാനത്തോടെ മെയ് മുതൽ ജൂൺ വരെയാണ് പൂക്കുന്നത്.
| റോഡഡെൻഡ്രൺ | |
|---|---|
| |
| Rhododendron ferrugineum | |
| ശാസ്ത്രീയ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം | |
| കിങ്ഡം: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Type species | |
| Rhododendron ferrugineum | |
| Subgenera[1] | |
|
Former subgenera:
| |
ടാക്സോണമി
തിരുത്തുക-
Rhododendron wardii var. puralbum -
Rhododendron in Japan -
A garden with tall Rhododendrons in Lynnwood, Washington -
Rhododendron forest in Nepal -
Rhododendron (গুরাস), Sandakphu, West Bengal, India -
Rhododendrons (Guras or Buras) at Fakding, Nepal -
02.jpg)
അവലംബം
തിരുത്തുക- ↑ Goetsch, Eckert & Hall (2005).
- ↑ Harper, Douglas. "rhododendron". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ ῥόδον δένδρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചിക
തിരുത്തുകBooks and book chapters
തിരുത്തുക- A. P. de Candolle (1838). "Rhododendron". Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta (in Latin). Vol. Volume 7. Paris: Treuttel et Würtz. pp. 719–728.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) (also available online at Gallica) - Sweet, Robert (1838). The British Flower Garden. The Two Series. Vol. Vol. I. Drawings by E.D. Smith. London: James Ridgway & Sons.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1849). Hooker, William Jackson (ed.). The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya: being an account, botanical and geographical, of the rhododendrons recently discovered in the mountains of eastern Himalaya, from drawings and descriptions made on the spot, during a government botanical mission to that country (2nd ed.). London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.11178.
- Luteyn, James Leonard; O'Brien, Mary E., eds. (1980). Contributions Toward a Classification of Rhododendron: Proceedings of the International Rhododendron Conference. International Rhododendron Conference (The New York Botanical Garden, May 15–17, 1978). New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 978-0-89327-221-0.
{{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Davidian, H.H. (1982–1995). The Rhododendron Species. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. In four volumes: Vol. I. Lepidotes ISBN 0-917304-71-3, Vol. II. Elepidotes. Arboreum-Lacteum ISBN 0-88192-109-2, Vol. III. Elepidotes Continued, Neriiflorum-Thomsonii, Azaleastrum and Camtschaticum ISBN 0-88192-168-8, Vol. IV. Azaleas ISBN 0-88192-311-7.
- Cox, Peter A.; Cox, Kenneth N. E. (1997). The Encyclopedia of Rhododendron Species. Glendoick Publishing. ISBN 0-9530533-0-X.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help). - Cullen, James (2005). Hardy Rhododendron Species: A Guide To Identification. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927236.
- Blazich, Frank A.; Rowe, D. Bradley (ജൂലൈ 2008). "Rhododendron L., rhododendron and azalea" (PDF). In Bonner, Franklin T.; Karrfalt, Robert P. (eds.). The Woody Plant Seed Manual (PDF). Agr. Hdbk. Vol. 727. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. pp. 943–951.
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Articles
തിരുത്തുക- Black, Michael (ഒക്ടോബർ 1969). "Historical Survey of Rhododendron Collecting With Emphasis on its Close Associations with Horticulture". The Quarterly Bulletin of the American Rhododendron Society. 23 (4).
- Magor, Walter (Fall 1990). "A History of Rhododendrons". Journal American Rhododendron Society. 44 (4).
- Goetsch, Loretta A.; Eckert, Andrew J.; Hall, Benjamin D. (ജൂലൈ–സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2005). "The molecular systematics of Rhododendron (Ericaceae): a phylogeny based upon RPB2 gene sequences". Systematic Botany. 30 (3): 616–626. doi:10.1600/0363644054782170.
Subdivisions
തിരുത്തുകAzaleas
തിരുത്തുക- Wilson, EH; Rehder, A (1921). A Monograph of Azaleas; Rhododendron Subgenus Anthodendron. Publications of the Arnold Aboretum, no. 9. Cambridge: University Press.
- Creech, John L. (1955). "An Embryological Study in the Rhododendron Subgenus Anthodendron Endl". Botanical Gazette. 116 (3): 234–243. doi:10.1086/335866. JSTOR 2473343.
Tsutsusi
തിരുത്തുക- Chamberlain, D.F.; Rae, S.J. (1990). "A revision of Rhododendron. IV. Subgenus Tsutsusi". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 47 (2): 89–200. doi:10.1017/S096042860000319X.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Powell, E. Ann; Kron, Kathleen A (2004). "Molecular systematics of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi (Rhodoreae, Ericoideae, Ericaceae)". Botany 2004. Abstract ID:147.
- Kron, K.A.; Powell, E.A. (മാർച്ച് 2009). "Molecular systematics of Rhododendron subgenus Tsutsusi (Rhodoreae, Ericoideae, Ericaceae)". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 66 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1017/S0960428609005071.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ZHANG Yue-Jiao; JIN Xiao-Feng; DING Bing-Yang; ZHU Jing-Ping (മാർച്ച് 2009). "Pollen morphology of Rhododendron subgen. Tsutsusi and its systematic implications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 47 (2): 123–138. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00011.x.
- JIN Xiao-Feng; DING Bing-Yang; ZHANG Yue-Jiao; HONG De-Yuan (2010). "A Taxonomic Revision Of Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi sect. Brachycalyx (Ericaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 97 (2): 163–190. doi:10.3417/2007139.
Vireya
തിരുത്തുക- Sleumer, Hermann Otto (1966). An account of rhododendron in Malesia. Groningen: P. Noordhoff.. A reprint from Flora Malesiana ser. I, vol. 6, part 4. Pages 473 through 674.
- Leach, David G. (Winter 1978). "The Discovery of the Malaysian Rhododendrons". The Quarterly Bulletin of the American Rhododendron Society. 32 (1).
- Argent, G. (2006). Rhododendrons of subgenus Vireya. Royal Horticultural Society. ISBN 1-902896-61-0.
- Brown, Gillian K.; Craven, Lyn A.; Udovicic, Frank; Ladiges, Pauline Y. (ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2006). "Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) inferred from the ITS nrDNA region" (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 19: 329–342. doi:10.1071/SB05019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 ജൂലൈ 2014.
{{cite journal}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 15 ജൂലൈ 2014 suggested (help) - Hall, B.D.; Craven, L.A.; Goetsch, L.A. (2006). "The Taxonomy of Subsection Pseudovireya: Two distinctly different taxa within subsection Pseudovireya and their Relation to the Rooting of section Vireya within subgenus Rhododendron". Rhododendron Species. 1: 91–97.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) Yearbook of the Rhododendron Species Foundation, Federal Way, WA. - Craven, L.A.; Goetsch, L.A.; Hall, B.D.; Brown, G.K. (2008). "Classification of the Vireya group of Rhododendron (Ericaceae)". Blumea – Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 53 (2): 435–442. doi:10.3767/000651908X608070.
- Goetsch, L.A.; Craven, L.A.; Hall, B.D. (2011). "Major speciation accompanied the dispersal of Vireya Rhododendrons (Ericaceae, Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe) through the Malayan archipelago: Evidence from nuclear gene sequences". Taxon. 60 (4): 1015–1028.
- Adams, Peter (Fall 2012). "Evolution, Adaptive Radiation and Vireya Rhododendrons - Part I" (PDF). Journal American Rhododendron Society. pp. 201–203. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2016. Retrieved 20 ഏപ്രിൽ 2018.
- Adams, Peter (Spring 2013). "Evolution, Adaptive Radiation and Vireya Rhododendrons - Part II" (PDF). Journal American Rhododendron Society. pp. 74–76. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 2016. Retrieved 20 ഏപ്രിൽ 2018.
- Fayaz, A. (2012). Biodiversity of the Vireya group of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) collections in New Zealand and their potential contribution to international conservation (Ph.D.). Turitea, New Zealand: Massey University. Retrieved 26 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2017.
Separate genera
തിരുത്തുക- Craven, L.A. (ഏപ്രിൽ 2011). "Diplarche and Menziesia transferred to Rhododendron (Ericaceae)". Blumea – Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 56 (1): 33–35. doi:10.3767/000651911X568594.
Additional Resources
തിരുത്തുകRecords of the Rhododendron Society of America reside at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia.
പുറം കണ്ണികൾ
തിരുത്തുക
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhododendron.
വിക്കിസ്പീഷിസിൽ Rhododendron എന്നതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ ലഭ്യമാണ്.
- History of Rhododendron Discovery & Culture
- Rhododendrons from Turkey, Anatolia Archived 2009-06-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- Danish Genebank Rhododendron
- German Genebank Rhododendron Archived 2012-03-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- Description of damage caused by Rhododendrons in the UK
- Information on rhododendrons at the Ericaceae web pages of Dr. Kron at Wake Forest University.
- Information on Vireyas
- Information+photos of hybrids and species Archived 2018-12-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- Information on Rhododendrons by Marc Colombel, founder of the Société Bretonne du Rhododendron.
- Extensive information on rhododendron species: the history of their discovery, botanical details, toxicity, classification, cultural conditions, care for common problems, and suggestions for companion plants by Steve Henning.
- History of Rhododendrons Archived 2009-01-30 at the Wayback Machine.
- Rhododendron in botanical garden Pruhonice-Czech republic Archived 2017-10-07 at the Wayback Machine.
Databases
തിരുത്തുക- USDA Plants Database: Rhododendron
- ITIS Report: Rhododendron
- eFloras.org
Rhododendron societies
തിരുത്തുക- American Rhododendron Society
- The Quarterly Bulletin of the American Rhododendron Society 1947-1981
- Journal of the American Rhododendron Society (JARS) 1982-
- "Genus Rhododendron Taxonomic Tree". American Rhododendron Society. Information Source: Cox, Peter A.; Cox, Kenneth N. E. (1997). The Encyclopedia of Rhododendron Species. Glendoick Publishing. ISBN 0-9530533-0-X.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help).
- The Rhododendron, Camellia & Magnolia Group of the Royal Horticultural Society
- Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden
- Société Finlandaise du Rhododendron Archived 2006-04-08 at the Wayback Machine.
- Australian Rhododendron Society
- German Rhododendron Society Archived 2015-11-05 at the Wayback Machine.
- New Zealand Rhododendron Association
- Danish Rhododendron Society
- Fraser South Rhododendron Society
ബൊട്ടാണിക്കൽ ഗാർഡൻ
തിരുത്തുക- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh: Rhododendrons at the four Gardens Archived 2018-05-29 at the Wayback Machine.
- National Rhododendron Gardens Melbourne Australia Archived 2019-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.