|
|
സമയരേഖയും
സാംസ്കാരിക കാലഘട്ടവും
|
തെക്കു-പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ഇന്ത്യ
(പഞ്ചാബ്-Sapta Sindhu)
|
സിന്ധു-ഗംഗാ സമതലം
|
മദ്ധ്യേന്ത്യ
|
ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യ
|
Western Gangetic Plain
(Kuru-Panchala)
|
Northern India
(Central Gangetic Plain)
|
Northeastern India
(Northeast India)
|
| IRON AGE
|
| Culture
|
Late Vedic Period
|
Late Vedic Period
(Brahmin ideology)[i]
Painted Grey Ware culture
|
Late Vedic Period
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)[ii]
Northern Black Polished Ware
|
Pre-history
|
| 6-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
Gandhara
|
Kuru-Panchala
|
Magadha
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
| Culture
|
Persian-Greek influences
|
"Second Urbanisation"
Rise of Shramana movements
Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga
|
Pre-history
|
| 5-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
(Persian rule)
|
|
Shishunaga dynasty
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
| 4-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
(Greek conquests)
|
|
Nanda empire
Kalinga
|
|
|
| HISTORICAL AGE
|
| Culture
|
Spread of Buddhism
|
Pre-history
|
Sangam period
(300 BC – 200 AD)
|
| 3-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
Maurya Empire
|
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Satavahana dynasty
Cheras
46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
|
| Culture
|
Preclassical Hinduism[iii] - "Hindu Synthesis"[iv] (ca. 200 BC - 300 AD)[v][vi]
Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism
|
Sangam period
(continued)
(300 BC – 200 AD)
|
| 2-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി.
|
Indo-Greek Kingdom
|
Shunga Empire
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Satavahana dynasty
Cheras
46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
|
| 1-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
|
യോന
|
മഹാ മേഘവാഹന രാജവംശം
|
|
| 1-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് എ.ഡി
|
|
Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians
|
Kuninda Kingdom
|
|
| 2-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Pahlava
|
|
Varman dynasty
|
| 3-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Kushan Empire
|
Western Satraps
|
Kamarupa kingdom
|
Kalabhras dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
|
| Culture
|
"Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. AD 320-650)[vii]
Puranas
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
|
| 4-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Gupta Empire
|
Kalabhras dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Kadamba Dynasty
Western Ganga Dynasty
|
| 5-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
Maitraka
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Kalabhras dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Vishnukundina
|
| 6-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
|
|
Kalabhras dynasty
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
|
| Culture
|
Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. AD 650-1100)[viii]
Advaita Vedanta - Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
|
| 7-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Indo-Sassanids
|
Vakataka dynasty
Empire of Harsha
|
Mlechchha dynasty
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
Pandyan Kingdom(Revival)
Pallava
|
| 8-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Kidarite Kingdom
|
|
|
Pandyan Kingdom
Kalachuri
|
| 9-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Indo-Hephthalites (Huna)
|
Gurjara-Pratihara
|
|
Pandyan Kingdom
Medieval Cholas
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas)
Chalukya
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
|
| 10-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
|
Pala dynasty
Kamboja-Pala dynasty
|
Medieval Cholas
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas)
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
Rashtrakuta
|
References and sources for table
References
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Micheals (2004) p.40
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.41
Sources
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
|
