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സമയരേഖയും സാംസ്കാരിക കാലഘട്ടവും
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തെക്കു-പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ഇന്ത്യ (പഞ്ചാബ്-Sapta Sindhu)
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സിന്ധു-ഗംഗാ സമതലം
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മദ്ധ്യേന്ത്യ
|
ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യ
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Western Gangetic Plain (Kuru-Panchala)
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Northern India (Central Gangetic Plain)
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Northeastern India (Northeast India)
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IRON AGE
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Culture
|
Late Vedic Period
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Late Vedic Period (Brahmin ideology)[a] Painted Grey Ware culture
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Late Vedic Period (Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)[b] Northern Black Polished Ware
|
Pre-history
|
6-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
Gandhara
|
Kuru-Panchala
|
Magadha
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
Culture
|
Persian-Greek influences
|
"Second Urbanisation" Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga
|
Pre-history
|
5-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
(Persian rule)
|
|
Shishunaga dynasty
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
4-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
(Greek conquests)
|
|
Nanda empire
Kalinga
|
|
|
HISTORICAL AGE
|
Culture
|
Spread of Buddhism
|
Pre-history
|
Sangam period (300 BC – 200 AD)
|
3-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
Maurya Empire
|
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras 46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
|
Culture
|
Preclassical Hinduism[c] - "Hindu Synthesis"[d] (ca. 200 BC - 300 AD)[e][f] Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism
|
Sangam period (continued) (300 BC – 200 AD)
|
2-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി.
|
Indo-Greek Kingdom
|
Shunga Empire
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras 46 other small kingdoms in Ancient Thamizhagam
|
1-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് ബി.സി
|
|
യോന
|
മഹാ മേഘവാഹന രാജവംശം
|
|
1-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് എ.ഡി
|
|
Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians
|
Kuninda Kingdom
|
|
2-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Pahlava
|
|
Varman dynasty
|
3-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Kushan Empire
|
Western Satraps
|
Kamarupa kingdom
|
Kalabhras dynasty Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
|
Culture
|
"Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. AD 320-650)[g] Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
|
4-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Gupta Empire
|
Kalabhras dynasty Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras) Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty
|
5-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
Maitraka
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Kalabhras dynasty Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras) Vishnukundina
|
6-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
|
|
Kalabhras dynasty Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras)
|
Culture
|
Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. AD 650-1100)[h] Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India
|
7-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Indo-Sassanids
|
Vakataka dynasty Empire of Harsha
|
Mlechchha dynasty
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Pandyan Kingdom(Under Kalabhras) Pandyan Kingdom(Revival) Pallava
|
8-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
Kidarite Kingdom
|
|
|
Pandyan Kingdom Kalachuri
|
9-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
Indo-Hephthalites (Huna)
|
Gurjara-Pratihara
|
|
Pandyan Kingdom Medieval Cholas Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas) Chalukya Chera Perumals of Makkotai
|
10-ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്
|
|
|
|
Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty
|
Medieval Cholas Pandyan Kingdom(Under Cholas) Chera Perumals of Makkotai Rashtrakuta
|
References and sources for table
References
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Micheals (2004) p.40
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.41
Sources
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
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