തായ്വാനീസ് ഹോക്കിൻ
(Taiwanese Hokkien എന്ന താളിൽ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവിട്ടതു പ്രകാരം)
തായ്വാനീസ് ഹോക്കിൻ (/ hɒkiɛn, hɒkiːɛn /; [a] ചൈനീസ്: 臺灣 閩南 語; തായ്വാനീസ് മിൻ നൻ) തായ്വാനീസ് ഭാഷയെന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു (臺灣 話; Tâi-oân-oē / 臺灣 語; Tâi-oân-gú).തായ്വാനിലെ ജനസംഖ്യയിൽ ഏതാണ്ട് 70% പേരും ഹോക്കിൻ ചൈനീസ് ഭാഷയിൽ സംസാരിക്കുന്നു[9]ക്വിങ് രാജവംശക്കാലത്ത് തെക്കൻ ഫൂജനിൽ നിന്നുള്ള കുടിയേറ്റക്കാരുടെ പിൻതലമുറക്കാരായ തായ്വാനീസ് ഹൂക്കോ ജനതയാണ് ഈ ഭാഷ സംസാരിക്കുന്നത്. [10] പെ̍ഹ്--ഒ-ജീയുടെ (POJ) റോമൻവൽക്കരണം ഹോക്കിൻ ഈ വകഭേദത്തിൻറെ പ്രശസ്തമായ ഓർത്തോഗ്രാഫിയാണിത്.
| Taiwanese Hokkien | |
|---|---|
| 臺灣話 Tâi-oân-oē / Tâi-oân-gí / Tâi-oân-gú | |
| ഉച്ചാരണം | "Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú" in different pronunciations [tai˧˩ g̃i˥˩] / [tai˧˩ g̃u˥˩] (coastal) |
| ഉത്ഭവിച്ച ദേശം | Taiwan |
മാതൃഭാഷയായി സംസാരിക്കുന്നവർ | (15 million cited 1997)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Latin (Pe̍h-ōe-jī), Han characters (Traditional) | |
| ഔദ്യോഗിക സ്ഥിതി | |
ഔദ്യോഗിക പദവി |  Republic of China (Taiwan);[2][3][4], de facto status in Taiwan as one of the statutory languages for public transport announcements[5] and for the naturalization test[6] in Taiwan. |
| Regulated by | Ministry of Education in Taiwan and relevant NGOs in Taiwan |
| ഭാഷാ കോഡുകൾ | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ഗ്ലോട്ടോലോഗ് | taib1242 Taibei Hokkien[7] |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jh |
.svg) Proportion of residents aged 6 or older using Hokkien at home in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu in 2010[8] | |
| Taiwanese Min Nan | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣閩南語 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí / Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gú | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Taiwanese language | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣話 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-oân-oē | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣語 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-oân-gí / Tâi-oân-gú | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
ഇതും കാണുക
തിരുത്തുകഅവലംബം
തിരുത്തുക- ↑ തായ്വാനീസ് ഹോക്കിൻ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". ltn.com.tw. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
- ↑ "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》 公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw. Archived from the original on 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
- ↑ "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.
- ↑ 大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
- ↑ Article 6 of the Standards for Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens Archived 2017-07-25 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Taibei Hokkien". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ↑ Table 6: Languages used at home for the resident nationals aged 6 years and over by gender and age, 2010 Population and Housing Census Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS), ROC (Taiwan).
- ↑ "Taiwan".
- ↑ Dreyer, June Teufel (2003). "Taiwan's Evolving Identity". The Evolution of a Taiwanese National Identity (PDF). Asia Program Special Report. Vol. 114. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars. pp. 4–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
പരാമർശിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ
തിരുത്തുക- Ang, Ui-jin (1987). 臺灣河佬語聲調研究 (in Chinese) (4 ed.). Taipei: 自立晚報出版 : 聯經總經銷. ISBN 9789575960353. OCLC 813713530.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1887893. OL 6931635M.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Klöter, Henning (2005). Written Taiwanese. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447050937.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as Written Language: The Growth of a Written Chinese Vernacular. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789622097094.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wu, Soli (2000). 國臺對照活用辭典 [Mandarin-Taiwanese Comparative Living Dictionary] (in Mandarin and Min Nan). Taipei: Yuan-Liou. ISBN 9789573240884. OCLC 45990089.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്
തിരുത്തുകBooks and other material
തിരുത്തുക(As English language material on Taiwanese learning is limited, Japanese and German books are also listed here.)
- English textbooks & dictionaries
- 李勤岸 (2005). 哈佛臺語101 [Harvard Taiwanese 101] (paperback & CD) (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് and ചൈനീസ്). Translated by Yeh, Chieh-Ting; Lee, Marian. Tainan: 開朗. ISBN 9789868160811.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Invalid|script-title=: missing prefix (help) - Su-chu Wu, Bodman, Nicholas C.: Spoken Taiwanese with cassette(s), 1980/2001, ISBN 0-87950-461-7 or ISBN 0-87950-460-9 or ISBN 0-87950-462-5
- Campbell, William (1913). A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa. Tainan: Taiwan Church Press. OCLC 867068660.
- Campbell, William (1923) [1913]. A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (2nd ed.). Yokohama: Fukuin Print. Co. OCLC 43655590(with preface by Thomas Barclay)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
- Campbell, William (1923) [1913]. A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (2nd ed.). Yokohama: Fukuin Print. Co. OCLC 43655590(with preface by Thomas Barclay)
- Iâu Chèng-to: Cheng-soán Pe̍h-oē-jī (Concise Colloquial Writing). Tainan, Taiwan: Jîn-kong (an imprint of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan). 1992.
- Tân, K. T: A Chinese-English Dictionary: Taiwan Dialect. Taipei: Southern Materials Center. 1978.
- Maryknoll Language Service Center: English-Amoy Dictionary. Taichung, Taiwan: Maryknoll Fathers. 1979.
- Japanese publications
- Higuchi, Yasushi (樋口 靖 Higuchi Yasushi): 台湾語会話, 2000, ISBN 4-497-20004-3 (Good and yet concise introduction to the Taiwanese language in Japanese; CD: ISBN 4-497-20006-X)
- Zhao, Yihua (趙 怡華 Zhào Yíhuá): はじめての台湾語, 2003, ISBN 4-7569-0665-6 (Introduction to Taiwanese [and Mandarin]; in Japanese).
- Zheng, Zhenghao (鄭 正浩 Zhèng Zhènghào): 台湾語基本単語2000, 1996, ISBN 4-87615-697-2 (Basic vocabulary in Taiwanese 2000; in Japanese).
- Zhao, Yihua (趙 怡華 Zhào Yíhuá), Chen Fenghui (陳 豐惠 Chén Fēnghuì), Kaori Takao (たかお かおり Takao Kaori), 2006, 絵でわかる台湾語会話. ISBN 978-4-7569-0991-6 (Conversations in Taiwanese [and Mandarin] with illustrations; in Japanese).
- Others
- Katharina Sommer, Xie Shu-Kai: Taiwanisch Wort für Wort, 2004, ISBN 3-89416-348-8 (Taiwanese for travellers, in German. CD: ISBN 3-8317-6094-2)
- Articles and other resources
- Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo (2003). "Tone Change in Taiwanese: Age and Geographic Factors" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 8 (1). Archived from the original on 11 October 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - LÎM, Chùn-io̍k (2014). "The Common Taiwanese Bible: A Means of Seeking to Affirm the Selfhood and Integrity of Taiwanese and Their Language". Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular. 6 (2): 106–9. doi:10.6621/JTV.2014.0602.05.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Tan-Tenn, Henry H. (2001). "Taiwanese learning resources" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-18.
- Tiuⁿ, Jū-hông (2001). 白話字基本論 : 臺語文對應&相關的議題淺說 [Principles of Pe̍h-oē-jī or the Taiwanese Orthography: an introduction to its sound-symbol correspondences and related issues] (in Chinese). Taipei: Crane. ISBN 957-2053-07-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
പുറം കണ്ണികൾ
തിരുത്തുക
വിക്കിപീഡിയ സ്വതന്ത്ര സർവ്വവിജ്ഞാനകോശത്തിന്റെ തായ്വാനീസ് ഹോക്കിൻ പതിപ്പ്
- On the language
- Cannings, Michael. "Introducing the Taiwanese Language". Tailingua.
- Blog on the Taiwanese language and language education in Taiwan
- Mair, Victor H. (2003). "How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language". University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists
- Dictionaries
- 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語-華語線頂辭典 [Taiwanese-Mandarin Online Dictionary] (in Taiwanese, Chinese, and English). Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語線頂字典 [Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - 臺灣本土語言互譯及語音合成系統 [Taiwanese languages translation and speech synthesis system] (in Chinese, Taiwanese, and Hakka). Archived from the original on 8 ഒക്ടോബർ 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Maryknoll Taiwanese-English Dictionary and English-Amoy Dictionary". Maryknoll Language Service Center.
- Learning aids
- Intermediate Taiwanese grammar (as a blog)
- Taiwanese vocabulary: word of the day (blog)
- Taiwanese teaching material Archived 2018-02-07 at the Wayback Machine.: Nursery rhymes and songs in Han characters and romanization w/ recordings in MP3
- Travlang (language resources for travellers): Hō-ló-oē Archived 2017-05-18 at the Wayback Machine.
- "Daiwanway". Archived from the original on 2007-04-29. Tutorial, dictionary, and stories in Taiwanese. Uses a unique romanization system, different from Pe̍h-oē-jī. Includes sound files
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
- Other