മീഡിയ

ഗ്രീക്ക് പുരാണമനുസരിച്ച് കോൾകിസിലെ രാജാവായ ഈറ്റസ്സിന്റെ മകളാണ്‌ മീഡിയ. സിർസെയുടെ (circe) അനന്തരിവളും സൂര്യദേവനായ ഹീലിയോയുടെ പൗത്രിയും ജാസന്റെ മുൻ ഭാര്യയുമണ്‌ മീഡിയ(/mɪˈdiːə/; ഗ്രീക്ക്: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea).അതിൽ അവർക്ക് മെർമെരോസ് ഫെരെസ് എന്നിങ്ങനെ രണ്ട് കുട്ടികളുണ്ട്‌. യൂറിപിഡസ്സിന്റെ നാടകത്തിൽ ജാസൺ മീഡിയയെ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച് പോകുമ്പോൾ കോരിന്തിലെ രാജാവായ ക്രെയോൻ ഗ്ലൗസെ വിവാഹം കഴിക്കാൻ ക്ഷണിച്ചു .ഈ നാടകത്തിൽ മീഡിയ തന്റെ ഭർത്താവിനോടുള്ള പ്രതികാരം തന്റെ മക്കളെ കൊന്ന് തീർക്കുകയാണ്‌

Medea by Evelyn De Morgan

അപ്പോല്ലോനിയുസ് ഓഫ് റോഡ്സ്ന്റെ മൂന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ മികച്ച രചനയായ അർഗോനോട്ടിക്കയിൽ ജാസണും അർഗോനോട്ടുകളോടൊപ്പം മീഡിയയും അതിൽ പ്രാധാന്യം നല്കുന്നു.മിക്ക കഥകളിലും മീഡിയ ഒരു ആഭിചാരിണിയായി ചിത്രീകരിക്കുന്നു.ഹെകറ്റെ എന്ന ദുർമന്ത്രവാദിനിയെ പൂജിക്കുന്നവളായും മിക്കവയിലും ചിത്രീകരിക്കുന്നു.ജാസന്റേയും മീഡിയയുടെയും ഐതിഹ്യം വളരെ പഴയതാണ്‌.ഹെസോയിഡ് കാലത്തിൽ തിയോഗോണിയിലാൺ ഇതിന്റെ ശരിക്കുള്ള ആദ്യ രചന നടന്നത്.ഇതാണ് ലിറ്റിൽ ഇലിയാഡ് എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നത് എപ്പിക് സൈക്കിളിന്റെ ഒരു ഭാഗം .

സാഹിത്യം

പ്രാഥമിക സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

• Cicero - in the court case Pro Caelio, the name Medea is mentioned at least five times, as a way to make fun of Clodia, sister of P. Clodius Pulcher, the man who exiled Cicero.
• Ovid

Heroides XII

Metamorphoses VII, 1-450

Tristia iii.9

• Euripides, Medea
• Neophron, Medea (fragments from the play)
• Hyginus, Fabulae 21-26
• Pindar, Pythian Odes, IV
• Seneca: Medea (tragedy)
• Bibliotheca I, 23-28
• Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica
• Gaius Valerius Flaccus Argonautica (epic)
• Herodotus, Histories VII.62i
• Hesiod, Theogony 1000-2

ദ്വിതിയ സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

• Jean Anouilh, Medea
• John Gardner, Jason and Medeia
• Robinson Jeffers, Medea
• Hans Henny Jahnn, Medea
• Percival Everett, For Her Dark Skin
• Maxwell Anderson, The Wingless Victory
• Geoffrey Chaucer The Legend of Good Women (1386)
• Michael Wood, In Search of Myths & Heroes: Jason and the Golden Fleece
• Chrysanthos Mentis Bostantzoglou (Bost), Medea (parody of Medea of Euripides)

ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട സാഹിത്യങ്ങൾ

• Robert Graves, Hercules, My Shipmate (novel by the English classicist, 1945)
• Rachel Florence Roberts, The Medea Complex (Psychological Thriller, 2013. A fictional novel about insanity and inheritance, namely postnatal depression. The title is taken from the medical meaning of The Medea Complex, and describes the plot of the novel)
• Medea (Ovid's lost tragedy - two lines are extant)
• Marina Carr, By the Bog of Cats
• A. R. Gurney, The Golden Fleece
• Pierre Corneille, Médée (tragedy, 1635)
• Ernest Legouvé, Médée (1855)
• William Morris Life and Death of Jason (epic poem, 1867)
• Franz Grillparzer, Das goldene Vliess (The Golden Fleece) (play, 1822)
• Dorothy M. Johnson, Witch Princess (novel, 1967)
• Chico Buarque and Paulo Pontes, Gota d'Água (musical play set in 1970s Rio de Janeiro, based on Euripides, 1975)
• Heiner Müller, Medeamaterial and Medeaplay
• Percival Everett, For Her Dark Skin (novel, 1990)
• H. M. Hoover, The Dawn Palace: The Story of Medea (novel, 1988)
• Christa Wolf, Medea (a novel) (published in German 1993, translated to English 1998)
• Cherríe Moraga, The Hungry Woman: A Mexican Medea (combines classical Greek myth Medea with Mexicana/o legend of La Llorona and Aztec myth of lunar deity Coyolxauhqui)
• Cicero, Pro Caelio (political speech) Cicero refers to Clodia as hanc Palatinam Medeam, "this Medea of the Palatine"
• Stuart Hill, Blade Of Fire (Character portrayed as based on Medea in this Young adult novel)
• Rick Riordan, The Lost Hero; Medea, having been resurrected by vengeful goddess Gaea (Mother Earth), runs a department store in Chicago.
• Morgan St. Knight, Curse of Prometheus: a tale of Medea Medea dwells in modern day Atlanta, and must fight one of the Olympian gods who has revived a deadly cult.
• Kerry Greenwood, Medea: Book III in the Delphic Women Series (1997) a retelling of the Jason and the Argonauts epic, focusing on the Princess and Priestess, Medea of Colchis.
• Dea Loher, Manhattan Medea (1999) in German; play set in modern-day Manhattan; Medea and Jason are living as illegal immigrants, until Jason marries the daughter of a rich businessman, abandoning Medea and their child; the play takes place on their wedding night.

സംഗീതം

• Francesco Cavalli Giasone (opera, 1649)
• Jean-Baptiste Lully Thésée (opera, 1674)
• Louis-Nicholas Clerambault composed a cantata for soprano, violin and continuo, called Médée, and was first published in 1710.
• Antonio Caldara "Medea in Corinto" (cantata for alto, 2 violins and basso continuo, 1711)
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier Médée (tragédie en musique,1693)
• In George Frideric Handel's opera Teseo [Theseus], 1713, the central character is Medea.
• Georg Anton Benda composed the melodrama Medea in 1775 on a text by Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter.
• Luigi Cherubini composed the opera Médée in 1797 and it is Cherubini's best-known work, but better known by its Italian title, Medea. A lost aria, which Cherubini apparently smudged out in spite more than 200 years ago, was revealed by x-ray scans.
• Simon Mayr composed his opera Medea in Corinto to a libretto of [iuseppe Felice Romano. It premiered in Naples in 1813.
• Saverio Mercadante composed his opera Medea in 1851 to a libretto by Salvadore Cammarano.
• Darius Milhaud composed the opera Médée in 1939 to a text by Madeleine Milhaud (his wife and cousin).
• American composer Samuel Barber wrote his Medea ballet (later renamed The Cave of the Heart) in 1947 for Martha Graham and derived from that Medea's Meditation & Dance of Vengeance Op. 23a in 1955. The musical Blast! uses an arrangement of Barber's Medea as their end to Act I.
• Ray E. Luke's "Medea" won the 1979 Rockefeller Foundation/New England Conservatory Competition for Best New American Opera.
• Jacob Druckman's 1980 orchestral work, Prism, is based on three different renderings of the Medea myth by Charpentier, Cavalli, and Cherubini. Each movement incorporates material and quotations from the music of Druckman's three predecessors. At the time of his death, Druckman was writing a large-scale grand opera on the Medea myth commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera.
• Star of Indiana—the drum and bugle corps that Blast! formed out of—used Parados, Kantikos Agonias, and Dance of Vengeance in their 1993 production (with Bartók's Allegro from Music for Strings, Percussion and Celeste), between Kantikos and Vengeance.
• In 1993 Chamber Made produced an opera Medea composed by Gordon Kerry, with text by Justin Macdonnell after Seneca.
• Aribert Reimann Medea (opera after Franz Grillparzer, 2010)
• Michael John LaChiusa scored "Marie Christine", a Broadway musical with heavy opera influence based on the story of Medea. The production premiered at the Vivian Beaumont Theater in December 1999 for a limited run under Lincoln Center Theater. LaChuisa's score and book were nominated for a Tony Award in 2000, as was a tour-de-force performance by six-time Tony winner Audra McDonald.
• In 1991, the world premiere was held in the Teatro Arriaga, Bilbao of the opera Medea by Mikis Theodorakis. This was the first in Theodorakis' trilogy of lyrical tragedies, the others being Electra and Antigone.
• Oscar Strasnoy's opera "Midea (2)", based on Irina Possamai's libretto, premiered in 2000 at Teatro Caio Melisso, Spoleto, Italy. Orpheus Opera Award.
• Rockettothesky medea 2008
• instrumental chamber music piece Medea by Dietmar Bonnen 2008
• Dutch progressive rock band Kayak, with the song Medea, on their 2008 release Coming Up For Air
• Dutch one-man project Spinvis, with the song Medea, in his album Goochelaars & Geesten in 2007
• Vienna Teng, with the song My Medea on her 2004 album Warm Strangers.
• The Finnish melodic death metal band Insomnium has a song about her called Medeia on their album In the Halls of Awaiting, which was released in 2002.
• Greek Epic Metal band Battleroar has a song named "The Curse of Medea" in their 2014 album Blood of Legends.
• Mauro Lanza composed the music to Le Songe De Médée, a ballet choreographed by Angelin Prelijocaj for the Ballet de l'Opéra national de Paris and featured in the film La Danse.
• Alina Novikova (composer) and Daria Zholnerova, produced an opera Medea, based on Innokentiy Annenskiy, Evripid's translation. First performed in 2011, St. Petersburg, Russia
• Aribert Reimann's opera "Medea" premiered in 2011 at the Vienna State Opera directed by Marco Arturo Marelli with Marlis Petersen in the title role.
• The southern metal band The Showdown has a song called Medea - One Foot In Hell on their album Back Breaker, which was released in 2008.
• English National Opera produced a UK premier staging of Charpentier's opera Médée in 2013. Director, David McVicar, Médée, Sarah Connolly
• In 2014, Dutch symphonic/progressive metal band Ex Libris released their second album Medea. It is a concept album which tells the tragic story of Medea.
• Eleni Karaindrou's album Medea (2014, ECM), composition for lavta, ney, clarinets, violoncello, santouri, bendir, and choir

ചലച്ചിതവും ടെലിവിഷനും

• In the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts, Medea was portrayed by Nancy Kovack. Here she is a Temple Dancer who Jason saves after her ship sinks, causing her to help him.
• In 1969, the Italian director Pier Paolo Pasolini directed a film adaptation of Medea featuring the opera singer Maria Callas in the title role.
• In 1978, the film A Dream of Passion in which Melina Mercouri as an actress portraying Medea seeks out Ellen Burstyn, a mother who recently murdered her children.
• In 1988, director Lars von Trier filmed his Medea for Danish television, using a pre-existing script by filmmaker Carl Theodor Dreyer. Cast included Udo Kier, Kirsten Olesen, Henning Jensen, and Mette Munk Plum.
• In the 1992 film Highway to Hell, Medea was portrayed by Anne Meara.
• In the 2000 Hallmark presentation Jason and the Argonauts, Medea was portrayed by Jolene Blalock.
• In the 2002 biopic of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, Frida, Diego Rivera's previous wife Lupe Marín (played by Valeria Golino) and Frida Kahlo (played by Salma Hayek) talk of Lupe's response to Diego's infidelity. In response, Frida points a knife in a non-threatening gesture at Lupe, and calls her "Medea".
• In the 2005 film L'enfer (Hell) a student Anne (Marie Gillain) takes a formal oral exam on the subject of Medea. Her words are spoken over images of her sister Sophie (Emmanuelle Béart) playing with her two children implying an analogy.
• In the 2004 visual novel as well as the anime adaptations of Fate/Stay Night, Medea appears as a relatively major character under the title of Caster.
• In 2005, director Theo van Gogh created 6-part miniseries, moving Medea to Dutch politics.
• In 2007, director Tonino De Bernardi filmed a modern version of the myth, set in Paris and starring Isabelle Huppert as Medea, called Médée Miracle. The character of Medea lives in Paris with Jason, who leaves her.
• In 2009, Medea was shot by director Natalia Kuznetsova. Film was created by the tragedy of Seneca in a new-for-cinema genre of Rhythmodrama, in which the main basis of acting and atmosphere is music written before shooting.
• In the 2013 television series Atlantis, Medea is portrayed by Scottish actress Amy Manson.
• In the 2015 television series "Olympus", Medea is portrayed by actress Sonita Henry.

അവലംബം

• Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.
• Clauss, J. J. and S. I. Johnston (eds), Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy and Art. (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1997). ISBN 9780691043760.
• McDermott, Emily, Euripides' Medea: The Incarnation of Disorder. (University Park, PA, Penn State University Press, 1985). ISBN 9780271006475.
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London (1873). "Medeia or Medea"
• Wygant, Amy, Medea, Magic, and Modernity in France: Stages and Histories, 1553-1797. (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007). ISBN 9780754659242.