"ജീവപര്യന്തം തടവ്" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

<!-- {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: smaller; table-layout: fixed;"

|-

|-

| Afghanistan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, rape, robbery, sodomy

| Treason, drug trafficking

| By President

|-

| Argentina

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder with aggravating circumstances; murder of a relative; murder of and/or by a police officer; treason

| Serial rape

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Austria|Austria]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

| Pardon by president

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Australia|Australia]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder of police officer or other public official, murder in South Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory, aircraft hijacking

| Treason, terrorism, drug trafficking, rape, serious child sex offences

|-

| Azerbaijan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"|No

| Murder, terrorism, war crimes, genocide

| Drug trafficking, human trafficking, robbery, rape

| By President

|-

| Belarus

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

| ??

| ??

|-

| Belgium

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Belize

| ??

| ??

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No (except in wartime){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Bulgaria

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Canada|Canada]]

| style="background:lightcoral; colora:black'| None

| High treason, murder, [[Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act|crimes against humanity]]

| Drug trafficking, aggravated sexual assault, manslaughter, kidnapping, robbery, terrorism

| Compassionate release and pardon by minister of justice

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

|Chile

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder

| ??

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in the People's Republic of China|China]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| No

| No

| Various

| By courts

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No<ref name="Varstvoslovje">{{cite journal | url=http://www.fvv.uni-mb.si/varstvoslovje/articles/VS-2010-2-Croatia.pdf | title=Prisoner Rehabilitation in Croatia | journal=Varstvoslovje, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security | year=2010 | last1=Kovčo Vukadin | first1=Irma | last2=Žakman-Ban | first2=Vladimira | last3=Jandrić-Nišević | first3=Anita | volume=12 | issue=2 | pages=143–162 | issn=1580-0253 | format=PDF | accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Cuba

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never; only pardon by president

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, Drug trafficking

| ??

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| By President

|-

| Cyprus

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Czech Republic<ref>[http://business.center.cz/business/pravo/zakony/trestni_zakon/cast1h4.aspx Czech Criminal Code]</ref>

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No

|-

| Denmark

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None<ref>http://nyhederne-dyn.tv2.dk/article/27931364/ {{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref>

| ??

| ??

|-

| Dominican Republic

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Estonia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never<ref>http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/europe/estonia.html</ref>

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

| Pardon by president<ref>http://shaan.typepad.com/shaanou/2008/11/estonia-release.html</ref>

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Finland|Finland]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, purposefully killing police officer

| Genocide, high treason, espionage, war crimes

| By president, Helsinki Court of Appeal

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in France|France]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| None

| Aggravated murder, aggravated torture, treason, terrorism, drug trafficking, crimes against humanity, war crimes, rape

| By president, with countersignature from Prime minister and ministry of justice

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Germany|Germany]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No

| Murder, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes against a person

| [[Life imprisonment in Germany|See details]]

| By [[President of Germany|Federal President]] or [[Minister-President#Germany|Minister-President]]

|-

| Hungary

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Murder, after 3 violent crimes

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Genocide, high treason

| By president

|-

| Hong Kong

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Individually set by judge

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder

| ??

|-

|Iceland

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| Murder, terorrism, drug and human trafficking, treason, torture

| Violent cases of a felony, smuggling (excluding drugs and humans)

|style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| By President

|-

| India

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, rape, robbery

| Kidnapping

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| May be pardoned by President or have sentence commuted by Government

|-

| Indonesia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, terrorism, kidnapping, rape, treason

| ??

|-

|[[Life imprisonment in Ireland|Ireland]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, treason, some syringe injuries, etc. [[Life imprisonment in Ireland|see details]]

| [[Life imprisonment in Ireland|See details]]

|-

| Israel

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| [[Murder]]

| ??

| By president

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Italy|Italy]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, terrorism, mafia association, drug trafficking, human trafficking, treason

| Aggravated sexual assault, aggravated robbery, firearm trafficking

| By president

|-

| Jamaica

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

|-

| Japan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| ??

| ??

| By Emperor

|-

| Kazakhstan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

|-

| Kiribati

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Laos

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

|-

| Latvia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Malaysia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, drug offenses, serious firearms/ammunition/explosive offenses, terrorism, rape, sodomy, attack on monarch, violence to parliament, treason

| ??

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No<ref>For details of new rulings from Mexican Supreme Court, see: [http://mexico.usembassy.gov/mexico/ep051223extradition.html "Wanted Fugitive Raul Gomez Garcia Extradited to the U.S." (US Embassy in Mexico)] and [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4483746.stm Mexico alters extradition rules (BBC News)])</ref>

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder

| Attack on monarch, violence to parliament, several facts constituting an offence resulting into death of (a) person(s) (not manslaughter), manslaughter in combination with other facts, facts with intent to terrorism, treason

| By monarch (almost never granted)

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in New Zealand|New Zealand]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| [[Murder]], [[treason]]

| [[Manslaughter]], certain drug related

|-

| Nigeria

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never<ref>http://connectafrica.wordpress.com/2008/11/19/6-nigerian-soldiers-bag-life-imprisonment</ref>

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

|-

| North Korea

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, espionage, treason

| ??

| By president

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Pakistan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Peru

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Aggravated murder, large scale drug trafficking, treason, aggravated Rape, terrorism

| Severe cases of firearm or human trafficking

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| By President

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Poland|Poland]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No

| Some cases of war crimes and genocide committed during WWII

| Genocide, war crimes, high treason, murder, assassination attempt of Polish president

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Pardon by president (never happened since reintroduction of sentence in 1995), Amnesty by act of parliament (last amnesty in 1989)

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Romania

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|[[Life imprisonment in Russia|Russia]]

| style="background:lightgreen; color:black"| Only men aged 18–65

| style="background:lightgreen; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightgreen; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence for men aged under 18, all women, and men over the age of 65

| style="background:lightgreen; color:black"| [[Life imprisonment in Russia|See details]]

| By president

|-

| Slovakia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Somalia

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder, rape, robbery

| Sodomy, adultery, crimes against humanity

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| By President

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in South Africa|South Africa]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Switzerland|Switzerland]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| None

| Aggravated murder,<ref>art. 112 Swiss Criminal Code</ref> aggravated hostage-taking,<ref>art. 185 Swiss Criminal Code</ref> genocide,<ref>art. 264 Swiss Criminal Code</ref> endangering the independence of the country<ref>art. 266 Swiss Criminal Code</ref>

| By Federal Assembly (Parliament)<ref>art. 173 al. 1 let. k Constitution of the Swiss Confederation</ref>

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in Sweden|Sweden]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| None

| Murder, kidnapping, arson, war crimes, espionage, sabotage, violent robbery

| By the District Court of Örebro.

|-

| South Korea

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| High treason, robbery (rape) with deadly outcomes, arson, murder of relative, etc.

| ??

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| By President and requires agreement of National Assembly

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Republic of China (Taiwan)

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Third violent crime

|-

| Turkey

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never; only pardon by president

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in England and Wales|UK: England and Wales]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder

| All [[common law offences]], rape, inflicting GBH with intent, wounding with intent, treason, aggravated burglary, criminal Damage with intent to endanger life

|-

| UK: Scotland

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Murder

| ??

|-

| UK: Northern Ireland

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No<ref>''Belfast Telegraph'' [http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/fury-over-ruling-that-could-see-attracta8217s-killer-freed-13897506.html Fury over ruling that could see Attracta’s killer freed] Saturday, 28 June 2008</ref><ref>Neutral Citation No.[2008] NICA 27 http://www.courtsni.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/D4920842-6C93-4664-8B52-641C305CCF6A/0/j_j_KER7217Final.htm</ref>

|-

| Ukraine

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| ??

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| No

|-

| [[Life imprisonment in the United States|United States]]

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| [[Life imprisonment in the United States#Use of life imprisonment sentence|Varies by state]]

| Varies by state

|style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Uzbekistan

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

|-

| Vatican City

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| Assassination of the pope, attempted assassination of the pope, terrorism, treason, murder

| Drug trafficking, human trafficking, firearm trafficking

| By Pope

|-

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| Varies, depending on sentence

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No

| style="background:lightblue; color:black"| No life imprisonment sentence

|-

| Vietnam

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| Never

| style="background:lightcoral; color:black"| None

| ??

| ??

|-

|}

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== അവലംബം ==

<references/>