പോളിഗാലേസീ

Polygalaceae
ശാസ്ത്രീയ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം
കിങ്ഡം:	Plantae
Division:	Tracheophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Polygalaceae

ഫാബേൽസ് നിരയിലെ ഒരു സസ്യകുടുംബമാണ് പോളിഗാലേസീ. (ശാസ്ത്രീയനാമം: Polygalaceae). ഇവ മിൽക്‌വേർട്‌സ് (milkwort) എന്നാണ് അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. 21 ജനുസുകളിലായി ഏതാണ്ട് 900 അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന സ്പീഷിസുകൾ ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലുണ്ട്. ^[1] കുറ്റിച്ചെടികളും മരങ്ങളുമെല്ലാമുള്ള ഈ കുടുംബത്തിലെ പകുതിയോളം സ്പീഷിസുകൾ പോളിഗാല ജനുസിലാണ്.

ട്രൈബുകളും ജനുസുകളും

പോളിഗാലേസീ കുടുംബത്തിൽ ഉള്ള ജനുസുകൾ ഇവയാണ്:^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

കാർപോളോബിയേ (Carpolobieae)

Atroxima Stapf 1905
Carpolobia G. Don 1831

മൗടോബിയേ (Moutabeae)

Balgoya Morat & Meijden 1991
Barnhartia Gleason 1926
Diclidanthera Mart. 1827
Eriandra P. Royen & Steenis 1852
Moutabea Aubl. 1775

പോളിഗാലേ (Polygaleae)

Acanthocladus Klotzsch ex Hassk. 1864
Ancylotropis B. Eriksen 1993
Asemeia Raf. 1833
Badiera DC. 1824
Bredemeyera Willd. 1801
Caamembeca J.F.B. Pastore 2012
Comesperma Labill. 1807
Epirixanthes Blume 1823
Gymnospora (Chodat) J.F.B. Pastore 2013
Hebecarpa (Chodat) J.R. Abbott 2011
Heterosamara Kuntze 1891
Hualania Phil. 1862
Monnina Ruiz & Pav. 1798
Muraltia DC. 1815
Phlebotaenia Griseb. 1860
Polygala L. 1753
Polygaloides Haller 1768
Rhinotropis (S.F. Blake) J.R. Abbott 2011
Salomonia Lour. 1790
Securidaca L. 1759

ക്സാന്തോഫൈല്ലേ (Xanthophylleae)

Xanthophyllum Roxb. 1820

ഫോസിലുകൾ

†Deviacer Manchester
†Paleosecuridaca Pigg, Kathleen B., M.L. DeVore & M.F. Wojc. 2008

സിസ്റ്റമാറ്റിക്സ്

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Surianaceae (outgroup)

Polygalaceae

Xanthophylleae

Xanthophyllum

Moutabeae

	Moutabea

	Balgoya

Eriandra

	Barnhartia

	Diclidanthera

Carpolobieae

	Atroxima

	Carpolobia

Clade I

	Hebecarpa

	Badiera

Clade II

Securidaca

	Phlebotaenia

	Rhinotropis

Comesperma

	Ancylotropis

	Monnina

	Asemeia

	Caamembeca

Hualania

Heterosamara

	Polygaloides

	Polygala subgen. Chodatia

	Salomonia

	Epirixanthes

	Polygala subgen. Polygala (Old World Clade)

	Polygala subgen. Polygala (New World Clade)

Muraltia

അവലംബം

↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
↑ Abbott JR. (2011). "Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae), with four new genera for the flora of North America". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 5 (1): 125–137. JSTOR 41972495.
↑ Pastore JFB. (2012). "Caamembeca: Generic status and new name for Polygala subgenus Ligustrina (Polygalaceae)". Kew Bull. 67 (3): 435–442. doi:10.1007/s12225-012-9360-x.
↑ Pastore JFB, Rodrigues de Moraes PL. (2013). "Generic status and lectotypifications for Gymnospora (Polygalaceae)". Novon. 22 (3): 304–306. doi:10.3417/2010113.
↑ Abbott JR, Pastore JFB (2015). "Preliminary synopsis of the genus Hebecarpa (Polygalaceae)". Kew Bull. 70: 39. doi:10.1007/s12225-015-9589-2.
↑ Freire-Fierro A. (2015). Systematics of Monnina (Polygalaceae) (Ph.D.). Drexel University. Archived from the original on 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Pastore JFB, Abbott JR, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Mascarenhas RB, Almeida Mota MC, van den Berg C. (2017). "A molecular phylogeny and taxonomic notes in Caamembeca (Polygalaceae)". Syst Bot. 42 (1): 54–62. doi:10.1600/036364417X694935.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Persson C. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in Polygalaceae based on plastid DNA sequences from the trnL–F region". Taxon. 50 (3 (Golden Jubilee Part 5)): 763–779. doi:10.2307/1223706. JSTOR 1223706.
↑ Forest F, Chase MW, Persson C, Crane PR, Hawkins JA. (2007). "The role of biotic and abiotic factors in evolution of ant dispersal in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae)". Evolution. 61 (7): 1675–1694. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00138.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Bello MA, Bruneau A, Forest F, Hawkins JA. (2009). "Elusive relationships within order Fabales: Phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL sequence data". Syst Bot. 34 (1): 102–114. doi:10.1600/036364409787602348.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Abbott JR. (2009). Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and a revision of Badiera (PDF) (Ph.D.). University of Florida. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
↑ Mennes CB, Moerland MS, Rath M, Smets EF, Merckx VSFT. (2015). "Evolution of mycoheterotrophy in Polygalaceae: The case of Epirixanthes". Am J Bot. 102 (4): 598–608. doi:10.3732/ajb.1400549.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)^{[പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി]}

പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ

Media related to Polygalaceae at Wikimedia Commons
Polygalaceae എന്ന ജീവവർഗ്ഗവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട വിവരങ്ങൾ വിക്കിസ്പീഷിസിൽ കാണുക.
[1]

[Christenhusz-Byng2016-1] Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[2] Abbott JR. (2011). "Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae), with four new genera for the flora of North America". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 5 (1): 125–137. JSTOR 41972495.

[3] Pastore JFB. (2012). "Caamembeca: Generic status and new name for Polygala subgenus Ligustrina (Polygalaceae)". Kew Bull. 67 (3): 435–442. doi:10.1007/s12225-012-9360-x.

[4] Pastore JFB, Rodrigues de Moraes PL. (2013). "Generic status and lectotypifications for Gymnospora (Polygalaceae)". Novon. 22 (3): 304–306. doi:10.3417/2010113.

[5] Abbott JR, Pastore JFB (2015). "Preliminary synopsis of the genus Hebecarpa (Polygalaceae)". Kew Bull. 70: 39. doi:10.1007/s12225-015-9589-2.

[6] Freire-Fierro A. (2015). Systematics of Monnina (Polygalaceae) (Ph.D.). Drexel University. Archived from the original on 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2018-05-10.

[Caamembeca-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Pastore JFB, Abbott JR, Neubig KM, Whitten WM, Mascarenhas RB, Almeida Mota MC, van den Berg C. (2017). "A molecular phylogeny and taxonomic notes in Caamembeca (Polygalaceae)". Syst Bot. 42 (1): 54–62. doi:10.1600/036364417X694935.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Persson C. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in Polygalaceae based on plastid DNA sequences from the trnL–F region". Taxon. 50 (3 (Golden Jubilee Part 5)): 763–779. doi:10.2307/1223706. JSTOR 1223706.

[9] Forest F, Chase MW, Persson C, Crane PR, Hawkins JA. (2007). "The role of biotic and abiotic factors in evolution of ant dispersal in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae)". Evolution. 61 (7): 1675–1694. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00138.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[10] Bello MA, Bruneau A, Forest F, Hawkins JA. (2009). "Elusive relationships within order Fabales: Phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL sequence data". Syst Bot. 34 (1): 102–114. doi:10.1600/036364409787602348.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[11] Abbott JR. (2009). Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and a revision of Badiera (PDF) (Ph.D.). University of Florida. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 2018-05-10.

[12] Mennes CB, Moerland MS, Rath M, Smets EF, Merckx VSFT. (2015). "Evolution of mycoheterotrophy in Polygalaceae: The case of Epirixanthes". Am J Bot. 102 (4): 598–608. doi:10.3732/ajb.1400549.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)^{[പ്രവർത്തിക്കാത്ത കണ്ണി]}

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