വിക്കിപീഡിയ

2022-ൽ ഉക്രെയ്നിലെ റഷ്യൻ അധിനിവേശം

(2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine എന്ന താളിൽ നിന്നും തിരിച്ചുവിട്ടതു പ്രകാരം)
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
the Russo-Ukrainian War ഭാഗം

Military situation as of 26 നവംബർ 2024
   Ukraine
   Occupied Ukrainian territories

For a more detailed map, see the Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map
തിയതി24 ഫെബ്രുവരി 2022 (2022-02-24) – present
(2 വർഷം, 9 മാസം and 3 ദിവസം)
സ്ഥലംUkraine[c]
സ്ഥിതിOngoing (list of engagements · control of cities · timeline of events)
യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നവർ
 ഉക്രൈൻ
പടനായകരും മറ്റു നേതാക്കളും
ശക്തി
  •  Russia:
  • Donetsk PR:
  • Luhansk PR:
  •  Ukraine:
    • 209,000 (armed forces)
    • 102,000 (paramilitary)
    • 900,000 (reserves)[10]
    • 20,000 foreign volunteers[11]
Order of battle for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
  •  Russia:
  • Acc. to Russia (25 March):
    1,351 soldiers killed, 3,825 wounded[d][17]
  • Acc. to NATO (23 March):
    30,000–40,000 soldiers killed, wounded, missing or captured (7,000–15,000 killed)[18]
  • Acc. to the United States (30 March):
    10,000+ soldiers killed[19]
  • Donetsk PR:
  • Acc. to the Donetsk PR (31 March):
    767 soldiers killed, 3,559 wounded[20]

(See here for other estimates)

  •  Ukraine:
  • Acc. to Ukraine (12 March):
    1,300 soldiers killed[21]
  • Acc. to the United States (9 March):
    2,000–4,000 soldiers killed[22]

(See here for other estimates)

  • Acc. to Ukraine (partial figures; 31 March):
    6,788–7,115+ civilians killed[23]
  • Acc. to the UN (2 April):
    1,417 civilian deaths and 2,038 wounded confirmed (real figures estimated to be considerably higher)[24]
  • Acc. to the UN (21 March):
    4.1 million+ refugees and 6.5 million internally displaced persons[25][26]

2022 ഫെബ്രുവരി 24-ന് റഷ്യ ഉക്രെയ്ൻ ആക്രമിച്ചു.[27] അന്താരാഷ്ട്രതലത്തിൽ ആക്രമണാത്മക നടപടിയായി ഇത് കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.[28][29][30] ഈ അധിനിവേശം രണ്ടാം ലോക മഹായുദ്ധത്തിനു ശേഷമുള്ള യൂറോപ്പിലെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ അഭയാർത്ഥി പ്രതിസന്ധിക്ക് കാരണമായി.[31][32] 4.1 ദശലക്ഷത്തിലധികം ഉക്രേനിയക്കാർ രാജ്യം വിട്ടു[33] ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ നാലിലൊന്ന് കുടിയിറക്കപ്പെട്ടു.[34][35]ആഗോള ഭക്ഷ്യക്ഷാമത്തിനും ഇത് കാരണമായി.[36][37]

2014-ലെ ഉക്രേനിയൻ വിപ്ലവത്തെത്തുടർന്ന്, റഷ്യ ക്രിമിയ ആക്രമിച്ച് കീഴടക്കി. റഷ്യൻ പിന്തുണയുള്ള അർദ്ധസൈനികർ തെക്ക്-കിഴക്കൻ ഉക്രെയ്നിലെ ലുഹാൻസ്ക്, ഡൊനെറ്റ്സ്ക് ഒബ്ലാസ്റ്റ്സ് എന്നിവ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന ഡോൺബാസ് മേഖലയുടെ ഒരു ഭാഗം പിടിച്ചെടുത്തു. ഒരു പ്രാദേശിക യുദ്ധത്തിന് ഇത് കാരണമായി.[38][39] 2021-ൽ, റഷ്യ ഉക്രെയ്നുമായുള്ള അതിർത്തിയിൽ 190,000 സൈനികരെയും അവരുടെ സാമഗ്രികളും സമാഹരിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് ഒരു വലിയ സൈനിക തയ്യാറെടുപ്പ് ആരംഭിച്ചു. അധിനിവേശത്തിന് തൊട്ടുമുമ്പ് ഒരു ടെലിവിഷൻ പ്രസംഗത്തിൽ, റഷ്യൻ പ്രസിഡന്റ് വ്ലാദിമിർ പുടിൻ അപ്രസക്ത ആശയങ്ങൾ ഉയർത്തി. [40] ഉക്രെയ്‌നിന്റെ രാഷ്ട്രപദവിക്കുള്ള അവകാശത്തെ വെല്ലുവിളിച്ചു,[41][42] കൂടാതെ [43] ഉക്രെയ്‌ൻ ഭരിക്കുന്നത് ന്യൂനപക്ഷം നവ-നാസികളാണെന്ന് തെറ്റായി അവകാശപ്പെട്ടു. [44] 2022 ഫെബ്രുവരി 21-ന്, ഡോൺബാസിലെ രണ്ട് സ്വയം പ്രഖ്യാപിത വേർപിരിഞ്ഞ അർദ്ധ-സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളായ ഡൊനെറ്റ്സ്ക് പീപ്പിൾസ് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിനെയും ലുഹാൻസ്ക് പീപ്പിൾസ് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കിനെയും റഷ്യ അംഗീകരിച്ചു.[45] അടുത്ത ദിവസം, ഫെഡറേഷൻ കൗൺസിൽ ഓഫ് റഷ്യ സൈനിക ശക്തി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിന് അംഗീകാരം നൽകി. റഷ്യൻ സൈന്യം ഉടൻ തന്നെ രണ്ട് പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലേക്കും മുന്നേറി.[46]

കുറിപ്പുകൾ

തിരുത്തുക
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic are separatist states that declared their independence in May 2014. They have received recognition from each other, from the de facto state of South Ossetia, and from Russia (since 2022).[1][2]
  2. ↑ Russian forces were permitted to stage part of the invasion from Belarusian territory.[3][4] Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko also stated that Belarusian troops could take part in the invasion if needed,[5] and Belarusian territory was used to launch missiles into Ukraine.[6] Ukrainian officials have claimed that Belarusian troops have entered Ukraine.[7] See also: Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
  3. ↑ Outside of Ukraine, there was spillover into Millerovo
  4. ↑ Includes only servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces,[12] while an additional 12 Rosgvardiya members were confirmed to have been killed,[13][14][15] with more reported dead.[16]

അവലംബം

തിരുത്തുക
  1. ↑ "South Ossetia recognises independence of Donetsk People's Republic". TASS. 27 ജൂൺ 2014. Archived from the original on 4 ജനുവരി 2022. Retrieved 29 മാർച്ച് 2022.
  2. ↑ Luhn, Alec (6 November 2014). "Ukraine's rebel 'people's republics' begin work of building new states". The Guardian. Donetsk. eISSN 1756-3224. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  3. ↑ Lister, Tim; Kesa, Julia (24 February 2022). "Ukraine says it was attacked through Russian, Belarus and Crimea borders". Kyiv: CNN. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  4. ↑ Murphy, Palu (24 February 2022). "Troops and military vehicles have entered Ukraine from Belarus". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  5. ↑ Rodionov, Maxim; Balmforth, Tom (25 February 2022). "Belarusian troops could be used in operation against Ukraine if needed, Lukashenko says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "Missiles launched into Ukraine from Belarus". BBC News. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  7. ↑ "Ukrainian Official Says Belarus Has Joined the War, as Russia Pummels Kharkiv". Time. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  8. ↑ Barnes, Julian E.; Crowley, Michael; Schmitt, Eric (10 January 2022). "Russia Positioning Helicopters, in Possible Sign of Ukraine Plans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  9. ↑ Bengali, Shashank (18 February 2022). "The U.S. says Russia's troop buildup could be as high as 190,000 in and near Ukraine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hackett, James, ed. (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021 (1st ed.). Abingdon, Oxfordshire: International Institute for Strategic Studies. ISBN 978-1-03-201227-8. OCLC 1292198893. OL 32226712M.
  11. ↑ "20,000 foreign volunteers in Ukraine 'to join fight against Russia'". South China Morning Post (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "Russia says 1,351 soldiers died in Ukraine". Stars and Stripes (in അമേരിക്കൻ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). Associated Press. 25 മാർച്ച് 2022. ISSN 0894-8542. OCLC 8777119. Archived from the original on 29 മാർച്ച് 2022. Retrieved 29 മാർച്ച് 2022.
  13. ↑ "Chechnya's Ramzan Kadyrov says his fighters killed in Ukraine". Al Arabiya (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). AFP. 1 മാർച്ച് 2022. Archived from the original on 22 മാർച്ച് 2022. Retrieved 29 മാർച്ച് 2022. Ramzan Kadyrov, the leader of Russia's Chechnya region and an ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, said Tuesday that Chechens have been killed in Moscow's invasion of Ukraine. [...] Kadyrov, a former rebel-turned-Kremlin-ally, has given his backing for President Putin's attack on Ukraine, sending his notorious fighters to the country.
  14. ↑ Funerals for 3 Russian police officers killed in Ukraine
  15. ↑ "12 National Guards Appeal Dismissal For Refusing To Invade Ukraine". The Moscow Times (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 25 മാർച്ച് 2022. OCLC 1097137921. Archived from the original on 26 മാർച്ച് 2022. Retrieved 29 മാർച്ച് 2022. According to Meduza, at least 6 members of Russia's National Guard have already died fighting in Ukraine, with NATO estimates of at least 7,000 Russian soldiers killed in fighting so far.
  16. ↑ 'Sent As Cannon Fodder': Locals Confront Russian Governor Over 'Deceived' Soldiers In Ukraine
  17. ↑ "Russian army says 1,351 soldiers killed in Ukraine". Al Arabiya. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  18. ↑ Michaels, Daniel (23 March 2022). "NATO: Up to 40,000 Russian Troops Killed, Wounded, Taken Prisoner or Missing in Ukraine". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  19. ↑ "What next for Russia?". The Economist. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  20. ↑ The DPR stated 780 of its servicemen were killed and 3,609 wounded between 1 Jan. and 31 March 2022,[1] of which 13 died and 50 were wounded between 1 Jan. and 25 Feb. 2022,[2] leaving a total of 767 killed and 3,559 wounded in the period of the Russian invasion.
  21. ↑ "Around 1,300 Ukrainian troops killed since start of Russian invasion". The Jerusalem Post. 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  22. ↑ "Up to 6,000 Russians may have been killed in Ukraine so far, U.S. official estimates". CBS News. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  23. ↑ See table here in the Civilian deaths by areas section for a detailed breakdown of civilian deaths by cities or provinces, according to Ukrainian authorities.
  24. ↑ "Ukraine: civilian casualty update 3 April 2022". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (in ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  25. ↑ "Situation Ukraine Refugee Situation". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  26. ↑ "Almost 6.5 Million People Internally Displaced in Ukraine: IOM". International Organization for Migration. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  27. ↑ Parker, Claire (23 February 2022). "What counts as an 'invasion,' or as 'lethal aid'? Here's what some terms from the Russia-Ukraine crisis really mean". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  28. ↑ "UN resolution against Ukraine invasion: Full text". Al Jazeera. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022. The General Assembly ... [d]eplores in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in violation of Article 2 (4) of the Charter
  29. ↑ Scheffer, David J. (17 March 2022). "Can Russia Be Held Accountable for War Crimes in Ukraine?". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 18 March 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine constitutes the crime of aggression under international law.
  30. ↑ Hirsch, Francine (28 February 2022). "Putin's Memory Laws Set the Stage for His War in Ukraine". Lawfare. Archived from the original on 2022-03-23. Retrieved 18 March 2022. Putin, like Stalin, has launched a war of aggression while calling it a special operation aimed at aiding civilians and 'restoring the peace.'
  31. ↑ Blake, Daniel Keane, Elly (15 March 2022). "What is the Homes for Ukraine refugees scheme and how do you apply?". Evening Standard. Retrieved 15 March 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ "Ukrainian exodus could be Europe's biggest refugee crisis since World War II". El Pais. 3 March 2022.
  33. ↑ "Situation Ukraine Refugee Situation". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  34. ↑ Ratcliffe, Rebecca; Clayton, Abené; Gabbatt, Adam; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Lock, Samantha; Ambrose, Tom (19 March 2022). "Biden outlines 'consequences' if China aids Russia – as it happened". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 29 മാർച്ച് 2022 suggested (help)
  35. ↑ "Ukraine war: Putin being misled by fearful advisers, US says". BBC News. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  36. ↑ Barbaro, Michael; Chaturvedi, Asthaa; Szypko, Rob; Quester, Rachel; Johnson, Michael; Baylen, Liz O.; Daniel, Chelsea; Powell, Dan; Lozano, Marion (5 April 2022). "How the War in Ukraine is Creating a Global Food Crisis". The New York Times (in അമേരിക്കൻ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  37. ↑ "The coming food catastrophe". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  38. ↑ Kirby, Jen; Guyer, Jonathan (24 February 2022). "Russia's war in Ukraine, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  39. ↑ "Conflict in Ukraine". Global Conflict Tracker. Council on Foreign Relations. 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  40. ↑ "Russia's invasion of Ukraine". The Economist. 26 February 2022. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Though the target of Mr. Putin's tirade on February 21st was Ukraine, the former Soviet republics now in NATO, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, have cause for alarm over his irredentism.
  41. ↑ Perrigo, Billy (22 February 2022). "How Putin's Denial of Ukraine's Statehood Rewrites History". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1311479. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  42. ↑ "Putin Says He Does Not Plan to 'Restore Empire'". Moscow Times. 22 February 2022. OCLC 1097137921. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  43. ↑ Tabarovsky, Izabella; Finkel, Eugene (27 February 2022). "Statement on the War in Ukraine by Scholars of Genocide, Nazism and World War II". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  44. ↑ Abbruzzese, Jason (24 February 2022). "Putin says he is fighting a resurgence of Nazism. That's not true". NBC News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  45. ↑ Hernandez, Joe (22 February 2022). "Why Luhansk and Donetsk are key to understanding the latest escalation in Ukraine". NPR. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  46. ↑ Hodge, Nathan (22 February 2022). "Russia's Federation Council gives consent to Putin on use of armed forces abroad, Russian agencies report". CNN International. Moscow. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
ഉദ്ധരിച്ചതിൽ പിഴവ്: <references> ആവശ്യത്തിനായി "WashPost_what_counts_invasion" എന്ന പേരിൽ നിർ‌വചിക്കപ്പെട്ട <ref> റ്റാഗിന് ഉള്ളടക്കമൊന്നുമില്ല.

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