മെത്തലീൻ ഡയോക്സി മെത് ആംഫ്റ്റമൈൻ

MDMA
INN: Midomafetamine^[1]
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(RS)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine
Clinical data
Pronunciation	methylenedioxymethamphetamine:; /ˈmɛ.θɪ.liːn.daɪ.ˈɒk.si./; /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːn/
AHFS/Drugs.com	entry
Dependence; liability	Physical: not typical; Psychological: moderate
Addiction; liability	Low–moderate
Routes of; administration	Common: by mouth; Uncommon: snorting, inhalation (vaporization), injection, rectal
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Liver, CYP450 extensively involved, including CYP2D6
Metabolites	MDA, HMMA, HMA, DHA, MDP2P, MDOH
Onset of action	30–45 minutes (by mouth)
Biological half-life	(R)-MDMA: 5.8 ± 2.2 hours (variable); (S)-MDMA: 3.6 ± 0.9 hours (variable)
Duration of action	4–6 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
CAS Number	42542-10-9 [TOXNET]
ATC code	none
PubChem	CID 1615
IUPHAR/BPS	4574
DrugBank	DB01454
ChemSpider	1556
UNII	KE1SEN21RM
KEGG	C07577
ChEBI	CHEBI:1391
ChEMBL	CHEMBL43048
Synonyms	3,4-MDMA; Ecstasy (E, X, XTC); Molly; Mandy;
PDB ligand ID	B41 (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
Chemical data
Formula	C11H15NO2
Molar mass	193.25 g·mol−1
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES CC(NC)CC1=CC=C(OCO2)C2=C1; ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H15NO2/c1-8(12-2)5-9-3-4-10-11(6-9)14-7-13-10/h3-4,6,8,12H,5,7H2,1-2H3 ; Key:SHXWCVYOXRDMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Physical data
Boiling point	105 °C (221 °F) at 0.4 mmHg (experimental)
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ഗുരുതരമായ ഭവിഷ്യത്തുകൾക്ക് കാരണമാകുന്ന ഒരു ലഹരിമരുന്നാണ് മെത്തലീൻഡയോക്സി മെത് ആംഫീറ്റമിൻ. സിന്തറ്റിക് ഡ്രഗ്‌സ് വിഭാഗത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്ന ലഹരിവസ്തു മോളി, എക്‌സ്, എക്സ്റ്റസി,എം.ഡി.എം.എ എന്ന വിളിപ്പേരുകളിലും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു.ചികിത്സാരംഗത്ത് ഇത് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നതിനു സ്വീകാര്യത ലഭിച്ചിട്ടില്ല^[9].നിശാപാർട്ടികളിൽ പങ്കെടുക്കുന്നവരാണ് ഇവ കൂടുതലായി ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്. കൂടുതൽനേരം ലഹരി നിൽക്കുന്നതു കാരണം സംഗീതമേളകളിലും നൃത്തപരിപാടികളിലും ഈ ലഹരിമരുന്നു വ്യാപകമായി ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.^[10]

ദൂഷ്യഫലങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക

ഇവയുടെ ഉപയോഗം ഹൃദ്രോഗം, ഓർമക്കുറവ്, വിഷാദരോഗം, പരിഭ്രാന്തി, മനോനില തകരാറിലാകൽ, കാഴ്ചക്കുറവ് എന്നിവയ്ക്കിടയാക്കും ^[11]

അവലംബം തിരുത്തുക

↑ "FDA Substance Registration System". United States National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
↑ Palmer, Robert B. (2012). Medical toxicology of drug abuse : synthesized chemicals and psychoactive plants. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 139. ISBN 9780471727606.
↑ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 375. ISBN 9780071481274.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Betzler, Felix; Viohl, Leonard; Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina; Foxe, John (January 2017). "Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review". European Journal of Neuroscience. 45 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480. PMID 27859780. ...the addictive potential of MDMA itself is relatively small.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy')". EMCDDA. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
↑ "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy)". Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
↑ Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, Capela JP, Pontes H, Remião F, Carvalho F, Bastos Mde L (August 2012). "Toxicity of amphetamines: an update". Arch. Toxicol. 86 (8): 1167–1231. doi:10.1007/s00204-012-0815-5. PMID 22392347.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
↑ "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy')". EMCDDA. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
↑ World Health Organization (2004). Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence. World Health Organization. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-92-4-156235-5. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016.
↑ "MDMA". Drugs.com. Drugsite Trust. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.

[INN-1] "FDA Substance Registration System". United States National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

[palmer-2] Palmer, Robert B. (2012). Medical toxicology of drug abuse : synthesized chemicals and psychoactive plants. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 139. ISBN 9780471727606.

[NHM-MDMA-3] Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 375. ISBN 9780071481274.

[Betzler2017-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Betzler, Felix; Viohl, Leonard; Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina; Foxe, John (January 2017). "Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review". European Journal of Neuroscience. 45 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480. PMID 27859780. ...the addictive potential of MDMA itself is relatively small.

[EMCDDA-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy')". EMCDDA. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

[6] "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy)". Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2018-02-18.

[pmid22392347-7] Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, Capela JP, Pontes H, Remião F, Carvalho F, Bastos Mde L (August 2012). "Toxicity of amphetamines: an update". Arch. Toxicol. 86 (8): 1167–1231. doi:10.1007/s00204-012-0815-5. PMID 22392347.

[Toxnet_MDMA-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014.

[9] "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy')". EMCDDA. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

[10] World Health Organization (2004). Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence. World Health Organization. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-92-4-156235-5. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016.

[11] "MDMA". Drugs.com. Drugsite Trust. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.

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