മകൗയിലെ ജനസംഖ്യ വിവരങ്ങൾ
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Macau, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Macau's population is 95% Chinese, primarily Cantonese and some Hakka, both from nearby Guangdong Province. The majority of the remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some Japanese, including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by shoguns, also live in Macau.
The official languages are Portuguese and Cantonese Chinese. The residents commonly (85.7%) speak Cantonese, Mandarin is spoken by 3.2% at home, about 40% are able to communicate in standard Mandarin. English and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while English is widely thought as a second language. The other popular topolect is Hokkien (Min Nan), spoken by a small percentage of the population. The creole Macanese language (Patuá or Macaista Chapado) is almost extinct.
Macau has a number of universities.
സുപ്രധാന സ്ഥിതിവിവരണകണക്കുകൾ [1][2] തിരുത്തുക
| ശരാശരി ജനസംഖ്യ (x 1000) | ജനിച്ചവർ | മരിച്ചവർ | സ്വാഭാവിക മാറ്റം | ക്രൂഡ് ജനന നിരക്ക് (ആയിരത്തിൽ ഒന്ന്) | ക്രൂഡ് മരണ നിരക്ക് (ആയിരത്തിൽ ഒന്ന്) | സ്വാഭാവിക മാറ്റം (ആയിരത്തിൽ ഒന്ന്) | മൊത്തം വന്ധ്യത | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 249 | 2,676 | 1,516 | 1,160 | 11.569 | 5.531 | 6.038 | 2.167 |
| 1971 | 246 | 2,637 | 1,543 | 1,094 | 10.868 | 5.457 | 5.411 | 1.979 |
| 1972 | 244 | 2,750 | 1,539 | 1,211 | 10.340 | 5.414 | 4.926 | 1.818 |
| 1973 | 242 | 2,686 | 1,410 | 1,276 | 9.950 | 5.393 | 4.557 | 1.679 |
| 1974 | 239 | 2,781 | 1,579 | 1,202 | 9.714 | 5.388 | 4.326 | 1.562 |
| 1975 | 237 | 2,583 | 1,398 | 1,185 | 9.735 | 5.396 | 4.339 | 1.478 |
| 1976 | 234 | 2,369 | 1,517 | 852 | 10.152 | 5.419 | 4.738 | 1.437 |
| 1977 | 232 | 2,532 | 1,424 | 1,108 | 11.032 | 5.457 | 5.575 | 1.445 |
| 1978 | 233 | 2,407 | 1,360 | 1,047 | 12.369 | 5.507 | 6.862 | 1.499 |
| 1979 | 237 | 3,019 | 1,504 | 1,515 | 14.080 | 5.559 | 8.521 | 1.591 |
| 1980 | 242 | 3,784 | 1,555 | 2,229 | 16.016 | 5.600 | 10.416 | 1.709 |
| 1981 | 248 | 4,207 | 1,465 | 2,742 | 18.004 | 5.618 | 12.386 | 1.835 |
| 1982 | 262 | 5,262 | 1,488 | 6,750 | 19.837 | 5.605 | 14.232 | 1.953 |
| 1983 | 277 | 6,168 | 1,514 | 4,654 | 21.339 | 5.556 | 15.783 | 2.046 |
| 1984 | 289 | 6,666 | 1,488 | 5,178 | 22.400 | 5.469 | 16.931 | 2.104 |
| 1985 | 291 | 7,560 | 1,466 | 6,094 | 22.923 | 5.348 | 17.575 | 2.121 |
| 1986 | 302 | 7,477 | 1,324 | 6,153 | 22.874 | 5.197 | 17.677 | 2.094 |
| 1987 | 312 | 7,565 | 1,321 | 6,244 | 22.353 | 5.029 | 17.324 | 2.031 |
| 1988 | 320 | 7,913 | 1,437 | 6,476 | 21.477 | 4.856 | 16.621 | 1.944 |
| 1989 | 330 | 7,568 | 1,516 | 6,052 | 20.324 | 4.687 | 15.637 | 1.838 |
| 1990 | 340 | 6,872 | 1,482 | 5,390 | 18.995 | 4.530 | 14.465 | 1.722 |
| 1991 | 364 | 6,832 | 1,335 | 5,497 | 17.598 | 4.391 | 13.207 | 1.606 |
| 1992 | 378 | 6,676 | 1,432 | 5,244 | 16.221 | 4.271 | 11.950 | 1.495 |
| 1993 | 390 | 6,267 | 1,531 | 4,736 | 14.938 | 4.169 | 10.769 | 1.395 |
| 1994 | 404 | 6,115 | 1,330 | 4,785 | 13.802 | 4.086 | 9.716 | 1.309 |
| 1995 | 415 | 5,876 | 1,351 | 4,525 | 12.818 | 4.022 | 8.796 | 1.238 |
| 1996 | 415 | 5,468 | 1,413 | 4,055 | 11.952 | 3.973 | 7.979 | 1.175 |
| 1997 | 419 | 5,031 | 1,293 | 3,738 | 11.138 | 3.936 | 7.202 | 1.116 |
| 1998 | 425 | 4,434 | 1,356 | 3,078 | 10.335 | 3.905 | 6.430 | 1.056 |
| 1999 | 430 | 4,148 | 1,374 | 2,774 | 9.556 | 3.877 | 5.679 | 0.995 |
| 2000 | 432 | 3,849 | 1,338 | 2,511 | 8.833 | 3.852 | 4.981 | 0.938 |
| 2001 | 436 | 3,241 | 1,327 | 1,914 | 8.215 | 3.830 | 4.385 | 0.889 |
| 2002 | 441 | 3,162 | 1,415 | 1,747 | 7.749 | 3.811 | 3.938 | 0.852 |
| 2003 | 447 | 3,212 | 1,474 | 1,738 | 7.465 | 3.795 | 3.670 | 0.831 |
| 2004 | 463 | 3,308 | 1,533 | 1,775 | 7.371 | 3.781 | 3.590 | 0.827 |
| 2005 | 484 | 3,671 | 1,615 | 2,056 | 7.471 | 3.768 | 3.703 | 0.840 |
| 2006 | 510 | 4,058 | 1,566 | 2,492 | 7.757 | 3.752 | 4.005 | 0.869 |
| 2007 | 532 | 4,537 | 1,545 | 2,992 | 8.185 | 3.734 | 4.451 | 0.909 |
| 2008 | 543 | 4,717 | 1,756 | 2,961 | 8.705 | 3.714 | 4.991 | 0.957 |
| 2009 | 533 | 4,764 | 1,644 | 3,120 | 9.277 | 3.694 | 5.583 | 1.008 |
| 2010 | 541 | 5,114 | 1,774 | 3,340 | 9.858 | 3.676 | 6.182 | 1.061 |
| 2011 | 557 | 5,852 | 1,845 | 4,007 | 10.416 | 3.666 | 6.750 | 1.112 |
| 2012 | 582 | 7,315 | 1,841 | 5,474 | 10.928 | 3.667 | 7.261 | 1.160 |
| 2013 | 608 | 6,571 | 1,920 | 4,651 | 11.374 | 3.682 | 7.692 | 1.205 |
| 2014 | 636 | 7,360 | 1,939 | 5,421 | 11.734 | 3.711 | 8.023 | 1.245 |
| 2015 | 647 | 7,055 | 2,002 | 5,053 | 11.992 | 3.753 | 8.239 | 1.280 |
| 2016 | 645 | 7,146 | 2,238 | 4,908 | 12.146 | 3.806 | 8.340 | 1.311 |
| 2017 | 653 | 6,529 | 2,120 | 4,409 | 9.998 | 3.247 | 6.751 |
ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ ഘടന [3] തിരുത്തുക
1 ജൂലൈ 2012ലെ കണക്കനുസരിച്ച് :
| പ്രായ വിഭാഗം | പുരുഷൻ | സ്ത്രീ | ആകെ | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ആകെ | 274 300 | 293 600 | 567 900 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 12 700 | 11 400 | 24 100 | 4,24 |
| 5-9 | 9 600 | 8 800 | 18 400 | 3,24 |
| 10-14 | 12 300 | 11 400 | 23 700 | 4,17 |
| 15-19 | 18 300 | 17 900 | 36 200 | 6,37 |
| 20-24 | 26 100 | 27 600 | 53 700 | 9,46 |
| 25-29 | 28 700 | 31 500 | 60 200 | 10,60 |
| 30-34 | 23 100 | 23 900 | 47 000 | 8,28 |
| 35-39 | 21 200 | 23 600 | 44 800 | 7,89 |
| 40-44 | 21 000 | 26 800 | 47 800 | 8,42 |
| 45-49 | 22 300 | 28 400 | 50 700 | 8,93 |
| 50-54 | 24 300 | 25 500 | 49 800 | 8,77 |
| 55-59 | 21 000 | 20 400 | 41 400 | 7,29 |
| 60-64 | 14 400 | 13 400 | 27 800 | 4,90 |
| 65-69 | 7 900 | 7 200 | 15 100 | 2,66 |
| 70-74 | 4 300 | 4 300 | 8 600 | 1,51 |
| 75-79 | 3 300 | 4 400 | 7 700 | 1,36 |
| 80-84 | 2 300 | 3 600 | 5 900 | 1,04 |
| 85+ | 1 500 | 3 500 | 5 000 | 0,88 |
| പ്രായ വിഭാഗം | പുരുഷൻ | സ്ത്രീ | ആകെ | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 34 600 | 31 600 | 66 200 | 11,66 |
| 15-64 | 220 400 | 239 000 | 459 400 | 80,89 |
| 65+ | 19 300 | 23 000 | 42 300 | 7,45 |
ജനന സമയത്തെ ആയുർദൈർഘ്യം തിരുത്തുക
ഹോങ്കോങ് കഴിഞ്ഞാൽ ലോകത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ആയുർദൈർഘ്യം ഉള്ള രാജ്യം മകൗ ആണ്.
| കാലഘട്ടം | ആയുർദൈർഘ്യം
വർഷത്തിൽ |
കാലഘട്ടം | ആയുർദൈർഘ്യം
വർഷത്തിൽ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 61.0 | 1985–1990 | 76.6 |
| 1955–1960 | 63.6 | 1990–1995 | 78.1 |
| 1960–1965 | 66.0 | 1995–2000 | 79.8 |
| 1965–1970 | 68.1 | 2000–2005 | 81.0 |
| 1970–1975 | 70.7 | 2005–2010 | 82.1 |
| 1975–1980 | 73.1 | 2010–2015 | 83.3 |
| 1980–1985 | 74.8 |
ഉറവിടം:ഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭയുടെ ലോകജനസംഖ്യ പ്രതീക്ഷകൾ[4]
വംശീയ വിഭാഗങ്ങൾ[5] തിരുത്തുക
Place of Birth തിരുത്തുക
Immigration is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0–14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.
As of 2011[update] 35,578 people in Macau were originally from Fujian province in Mainland China, making up about 25% of the Mainland China-born people. The number of Fujianese in Macau increased after the 1999 handover.[6]
ദേശീയത തിരുത്തുക
Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. These figures can be misleading, because more than a 100,000 people in Macau are holders of a Portuguese passport, making them in effect Portuguese citizens. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macau; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos. Macau is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totalled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of wholly or partly Portuguese ethnicity totalled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%.
| വംശീയ ഗ്രൂപ്പ് |
1991ലെ കാനേഷുമാരി | 2001ലെ കാനേഷുമാരി | 2011ലെ കാനേഷുമാരി | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| സംഖ്യ | % | സംഖ്യ | % | സംഖ്യ | % | |
| ചൈനീസ് | 338,191 | 95.1 | 416,353 | 95.7 | 510,383 | 92.4 |
| ചൈനിസും പോർട്ടുഗീസും | 4,477 | 1.3 | 4,254 | 1.0 | 4,019 | 0.7 |
| പോർട്ടുഗീസ് | 4,221 | 1.2 | 2,810 | 0.6 | 3,485 | 0.6 |
| Chinese & non-Portuguese | 1,771 | 0.4 | 1,601 | 0.3 | ||
| മറ്റുള്ളവർ | 7,804 | 2.2 | 10,047 | 2.3 | 33,015 | 6.0 |
| പോർട്ടുഗീസും മറ്റുള്ളവരും | 709 | 0.2 | 602 | 0.1 | ||
| ആകെ | 355,693 | 435,235 | 552,503 | |||
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics തിരുത്തുക
| Residents' usual language spoken at home[7] | |
|---|---|
| Language | Percentage of population |
| Cantonese | 85.7% |
| Mandarin | 3.2% |
| Other Chinese dialects |
6.7% |
| Portuguese | 0.6% |
| English | 1.5% |
| Others | 2.3% |
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Ethnic Group തിരുത്തുക
- Chinese 92.4%, other 7.6% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011ലെ കാനേഷുമാരി)
ജനസംഖ്യ തിരുത്തുക
- 624,000[8] (2014 Qtr2 est.)
Male and Female Pattern തിരുത്തുക
Age structure തിരുത്തുക
- below age 15: 76,305 15.63%
- age 20-29: 82,547 16.91%
- age 30-39: 70,965 14.54%
- age 40-49: 91,438 18.73%
- age 49 or above: 40,349 8.27%
Infant mortality rate തിരുത്തുക
- 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate തിരുത്തുക
- 0.91 children born/woman (2010 est.) The lowest fertility rate in the world after Taiwan.
മതങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
- 30% Shenism, 10% Buddhism or Taoism, 5% Christianity, 50% not declaring religious affiliation, 10% others (2009).[9] Another survey conducted between 2005, 2007 and 2009 has found that 30% of the population follows folk faiths, 10% are adherents of Buddhism or Taoism, 5% are Christians, and the remaining part do not declare religious adherence.[10]
ഭാഷകൾ തിരുത്തുക
- Portuguese and Chinese are official languages. The Chinese standard (Cantonese or Mandarin) is not specified in the law. Very few speak Portuguese.
സാക്ഷരത തിരുത്തുക
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- മൊത്തം ജനസംഖ്യ: 94.5%
- പുരുഷൻ: 97.2%
- സ്ത്രീ: 92% (2003ലെ കണക്കുപ്രകാരം)
Immigration and Crime തിരുത്തുക
- Persons authorized to reside in Macau: total: 50,159 (by the end of 2005)
- Non-resident workers authorized to enter Macau: total: 39,411 (by the end of 2005)
- Legal immigrants from Mainland China: 1,133 (Qtr1 2006) 947 (Qtr2 2006)
- No. of criminal cases: 2,634 (Qtr1 2006) 2,708 (Qtr2 2006)
ആരോഗ്യം തിരുത്തുക
- No. of residents per doctor (excluding dentists): 473
- No. of residents per nurse: 430
- No. of residents per hospital bed: 496
മരണത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന കാരണങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
- Diseases of the circulatory system: 518 cases, 32.1%
- Neoplasm: 455 cases, 28.2%
- Diseases of the respiratory system: 267, cases 16.5%
ഇതും കാണുക തിരുത്തുക
അവലംബങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
- ↑ United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
- ↑ Statistics and Census Service Macao SAR Government
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ↑ "ലോക ജനസംഖ്യ പ്രതീക്ഷകൾ – ജനസംഖ്യ വിഭജനം – ഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭ". Retrieved 2017-ജൂലൈ-15.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|day=,|month=, and|deadurl=(help) - ↑ 2011ലെ ജനസംഖ്യ കാനേഷുമാരി
- ↑ "Macau: The rise and fall of an empire?". South China Morning Post. November 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) () - ↑ Global Results of By-Census 2006. Statistics and Census Service (DSEC) of the Macau Government. 2007.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Demographic Statistics for the 2nd Quarter 2014". Statistics and Census Service of the Government of Macau SAR. 11 August 2014.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Zhidong Hao, 2011. pp. 121-122.
- ↑ Zheng, VWT; Wan, PS. Religious beliefs and life experiences of Macao's residents 澳門居民的宗教信仰與生活經驗. On: Modern China Studies by Center for Modern China, 2010, v. 17 n. 4, p. 91-126. ISSN 2160-0295. «Drawing on empirical data obtained from three consecutive territory-wide household surveys conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009 respectively, this paper attempts to shed light on the current religious profile of Macao residents.»