ഓപ്പറേഷൻ ബാർബറോസ

രണ്ടാം ലോക മഹായുദ്ധത്തിന്റെ സമയത്ത് സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയനെ ആക്രമിക്കാൻ ജർമ്മനി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ പദ്ധതിയുടെ രഹസ്യനാമമാണ് ഓപ്പറേഷൻ ബാർബറോസ. അച്ചുതണ്ട് ശക്തികളുടെ കീഴിലുള്ള നാലു ലക്ഷത്തോളം വരുന്ന സൈനികർ റഷ്യയുടെ സൈനിക അതിർത്തിയിലേക്ക് ആക്രമണം നടത്തി.

Operation Barbarossa
the Eastern Front of World War II ഭാഗം
Clockwise from top left: German soldiers advance through Northern Russia, German flamethrower team in the Soviet Union, Soviet planes flying over German positions near Moscow, Soviet prisoners of war on the way to German prison camps, Soviet soldiers fire at German positions.
തിയതി 22 June – 5 December 1941 (5 മാസം, 1 ആഴ്ച and 6 ദിവസം) സ്ഥലം Central, Northeast, and Eastern Europe ഫലം See Aftermath
Belligerents
Germany റൊമാനിയ Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia എൻ.ഡി.എച്ച്.	Soviet Union
പടനായകരും മറ്റു നേതാക്കളും
Adolf Hitler Walther von Brauchitsch Franz Halder Fedor von Bock Gerd von Rundstedt Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Ion Antonescu Gustaf Mannerheim	Joseph Stalin Georgy Zhukov Aleksandr Vasilyevskiy Semyon Budyonny Kliment Voroshilov Semyon Timoshenko Markian Popov Fyodor Kuznetsov Dmitry Pavlov  Ivan Tyulenev Mikhail Kirponos †
Units involved
Axis armies Army Group North 16th Army 18th Army 4th Panzer Army Army Group Center 4th Army 9th Army 2nd Panzer Army 3rd Panzer Army 2nd Army Army Group South 6th Army 11th Army 17th Army 1st Panzer Army Romanian 3rd Army Romanian 4th Army Army Norway Finnish Army	Soviet armies Northern Front 7th Army 8th Army 48th Army 52nd Army 54th Army 55th Army Northwestern Front 11th Army 27th Army 34th Army Western Front 3rd Army 10th Army 13th Army 16th Army 19th Army 20th Army 22nd Army 24th Army 28th Army 40th Army 50th Army Southwestern Front 5th Army 6th Army 12th Army 21st Army 26th Army 37th Army Southern Front 9th Army 18th Army Coastal Army
ശക്തി
Frontline strength (initial) 3.8 million personnel 3,350–3,795 tanks 3,030–3,072 other AFVs 2,770–5,369 aircraft 7,200–23,435 artillery pieces 17,081 mortars	Frontline strength (initial) 2.6–2.9 million personnel 11,000 tanks 7,133–9,100 military aircraft 14,000,000 reserves (former conscripts who finished their mandatory service)
നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
Total military casualties: 1,000,000+ Breakdown Casualties of 1941: According to German Army medical reports (including Army Norway): 186,452 killed 40,157 missing 655,179 wounded in action 8,000 evacuated sick 2,827 aircraft destroyed 2,735 tanks destroyed 104 assault guns destroyed Other involved country losses 114,000+ casualties (at least 39,000 dead or missing) 8,700 casualties 5,000+ casualties	Total military casualties: 4,973,820 Breakdown Casualties of 1941: Based on Soviet archives: 566,852 killed in action 235,339 died from non-combat causes 1,336,147 sick or wounded via combat and non-combat causes 2,335,482 missing in action or captured c. 500,000 Soviet reservists captured while still mobilizing 21,200 aircraft lost 20,500 tanks destroyed

ഉള്ളടക്കം

See also

• Black Sea campaigns
  • Romanian Navy during World War II
• Operation Silver Fox
• Timeline of the Eastern Front of World War II

അവലംബം

കുറിപ്പുകൾ

സിറ്റേഷനുകൾ

ഗ്രന്ഥസൂചി

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• Waller, John (1996). The Unseen War in Europe: Espionage and Conspiracy in the Second World War. Tauris & Company. ISBN 978-1-86064-092-6.
• Ward, John (2004). Hitler's Stuka Squadrons: The Ju 87 at War, 1936–1945. MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0760319918.
• Weeks, Albert (2002). Stalin's Other War: Soviet Grand Strategy, 1939–1941. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2191-9.
• Wegner, Bernd (1990). "Der Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1942/43". എന്നതിൽ Boog, Horst; Rahn, Werner; Stumpf, Reinhard; Wegner, Bernd (eds.). Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (ഭാഷ: German). VI [Der globale Krieg: Die Ausweitung zum Weltkrieg und der Wechsel der Initiative 1941– 1943]. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 978-3-42106-233-8.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
• Weinberg, Gerhard (2005). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521618267.
• Werth, Alexander (1964). Russia at War, 1941–1945. New York: E.P. Dutton. ASIN B0000CMAU7.
• Wette, Wolfram (2007). The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674025776.
• Wright, Gordon (1968). The Ordeal of Total War, 1939–1945. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0061314080.
• Ziemke, Earl F. (1959). The German Northern Theater of Operations, 1940–1945 (PDF). Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ASIN B0007ETEOM.

ഓൺലൈൻ

• Aitken, Andy, Dave Flitton & James Wignall (directors), Dave Flitton (series producer); Dave Flitton, Andy Aitken & James Wignall (writers) (1996). The Battle for Russia (television documentary). Battlefield. PBS. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 19 March 2015.
• Browning, Christopher (2000). "Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution". Web Genocide Documentation Center – Resources on Genocide, War Crimes and Mass Killing. University of the West of England. ശേഖരിച്ചത് October 1, 2016.
• Browning, Christopher R. (2007). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. U of Nebraska Press. Generalplan Ost: The Search for a Final Solution through Expulsion. ISBN 0803203926 – via Google Books.
• Davidson, Nick (producer) (2009). Hitler Strikes East (television documentary). World War II in HD Colour. NM Productions (for IMG Media). ശേഖരിച്ചത് 19 March 2015.
• Graham Royde-Smith, John. "European History: Operation Barbarossa". Encyclopædia Britannica. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 16 May 2015.(subscription required)
• Grazhdan, Anna (director); Artem Drabkin & Aleksey Isaev (writers); Valeriy Babich, Vlad Ryashin, et. al (producers) (2011). Siege of Leningrad (television documentary). Soviet Storm: World War II in the East. Star Media. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 15 May 2015.
• Meltyukhov, Mikhail Ivanovich. "Оценка советским руководством событий Второй мировой войны в 1939–1941" (ഭാഷ: റഷ്യൻ). Russian Military Library Moscow. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 19 March 2015.
• Middelton, Drew (1981). "Hitler's Russian Blunder". New York Times.
• "Modern History Sourcebook: The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939". University of Fordham. മൂലതാളിൽ നിന്നും 12 മാർച്ച് 2015-ന് ആർക്കൈവ് ചെയ്തത്. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 19 മാർച്ച് 2015.
• Rees, Laurence (2010). "What Was the Turning Point of World War II?". HISTORYNET. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 8 July 2017.
• "The Führer to the German People: 22 June 1941" [Der Führer an das deutsche Volk 22. Juni 1941]. Calvin College—German Propaganda Archive. ശേഖരിച്ചത് August 25, 2017.
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (20 June 2014). "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War". ശേഖരിച്ചത് 24 March 2015.

ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

• Media related to Operation Barbarossa at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to Great Patriotic War at Wikimedia Commons
• Works related to Führer Directive 21 at Wikisource
• Works related to Adolf Hitler's Letter to Benito Mussolini Explaining the Invasion of the Soviet Union at Wikisource
• Works related to The Führer to the German People: 22 June 1941 at Wikisource
• Works related to Adolf Hitler's Order of the Day to the German Troops on the Eastern Front (2 October 1941) at Wikisource
• Works related to Adolf Hitler Explains His Reasons for Invading the Soviet Union at Wikisource
• Marking 70 Years to Operation Barbarossa on the Yad Vashem website
• Operation Barbarossa original reports and pictures from The Times
• "Operation Barbarossa": വിഡിയോ യൂട്യൂബിൽ, lecture by David Stahel, author of Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East (2009); via the official channel of Muskegon Community College