വിക്കിപീഡിയ

ഓപ്പറേഷൻ ബാർബറോസ

രണ്ടാം ലോക മഹായുദ്ധത്തിന്റെ സമയത്ത് സോവിയറ്റ് യൂണിയനെ ആക്രമിക്കാൻ ജർമ്മനി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ പദ്ധതിയുടെ രഹസ്യനാമമാണ് ഓപ്പറേഷൻ ബാർബറോസ. അച്ചുതണ്ട് ശക്തികളുടെ കീഴിലുള്ള നാലു ലക്ഷത്തോളം വരുന്ന സൈനികർ റഷ്യയുടെ സൈനിക അതിർത്തിയിലേക്ക് ആക്രമണം നടത്തി. [25]

Operation Barbarossa
the Eastern Front of World War II ഭാഗം
Operation Barbarossa Infobox.jpg
Clockwise from top left: German soldiers advance through Northern Russia, German flamethrower team in the Soviet Union, Soviet planes flying over German positions near Moscow, Soviet prisoners of war on the way to German prison camps, Soviet soldiers fire at German positions.
തിയതി22 June – 5 December 1941
(5 മാസം, 1 ആഴ്ച and 6 ദിവസം)
സ്ഥലംCentral, Northeast, and Eastern Europe
ഫലംSee Aftermath
Belligerents
 Soviet Union
പടനായകരും മറ്റു നേതാക്കളും
Units involved
Axis armies
Soviet armies
ശക്തി
Frontline strength (initial)
Frontline strength (initial)
14,000,000 reserves (former conscripts who finished their mandatory service)[17][18]
നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
Total military casualties:
1,000,000+
Breakdown
  • Casualties of 1941:

    According to German Army medical reports (including Army Norway):[19]

    • 186,452 killed
    • 40,157 missing
    • 655,179 wounded in action[a]
    • 8,000 evacuated sick
    • 2,827 aircraft destroyed[20]
    • 2,735 tanks destroyed[4][21]
    • 104 assault guns destroyed[4][21]

    Other involved country losses

    • റൊമാനിയ 114,000+ casualties (at least 39,000 dead or missing)[b]
    • Kingdom of Italy 8,700 casualties[c]
    • Finland 5,000+ casualties[d]
Total military casualties:
4,973,820
Breakdown
  • Casualties of 1941:

    Based on Soviet archives:[23]

    • 566,852 killed in action
    • 235,339 died from non-combat causes
    • 1,336,147 sick or wounded via combat and non-combat causes
    • 2,335,482 missing in action or captured
    • c. 500,000 Soviet reservists captured while still mobilizing
    • 21,200 aircraft lost[20]
    • 20,500 tanks destroyed[24]

See alsoതിരുത്തുക

അവലംബംതിരുത്തുക

കുറിപ്പുകൾതിരുത്തുക

  1. ↑ Excludes an additional 395,799 who were deemed unfit for service due to non-combat causes, transported out of their Army Group sectors for treatment, and treated in divisional/local medical facilities. 98% of those 395,799 eventually returned to active duty service, usually after relatively short treatment, meaning about 8,000 became permanent losses. Askey 2014, p. 178.
  2. ↑ See: Mark Axworthy, Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945. pages 58 and 286.
  3. ↑ See:Robert Kirchubel. Operation Barbarossa: The German Invasion of Soviet Russia. Bloomsbury Publishing. Chapter: "Opposing Armies".
  4. ↑ Includes only Finnish casualties in Northern Finland during Operation Silver Fox.[22]

ഉദ്ധരിച്ചതിൽ പിഴവ്: <ref> റ്റാഗ് "western military districts Soviet Union" എന്ന പേരോടെ <references> എന്നതിൽ നിർവചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടെങ്കിലും ആദ്യ എഴുത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നില്ല.

ഉദ്ധരിച്ചതിൽ പിഴവ്: <ref> റ്റാഗ് "171 divisions" എന്ന പേരോടെ <references> എന്നതിൽ നിർവചിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടെങ്കിലും ആദ്യ എഴുത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നില്ല.

സിറ്റേഷനുകൾതിരുത്തുക

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Clark 2012, p. 73.
  2. ↑ Glantz 2001, p. 9.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Glantz 2010a, p. 20.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Liedtke 2016, p. 220.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Askey 2014, p. 80.
  6. ↑ Askey 2014, p. 80, of which 301 assault guns, 257 tank destroyers and self-propelled guns, 1,055 armored half-tracks, 1,367 armored cars, 92 combat engineer and ammunition transport vehicles.
  7. ↑ Liedtke 2016, p. 220, of which 259 assault guns.
  8. ↑ Bergström 2007, p. 129.
  9. ↑ Glantz 2001, p. 9, states 2.68 million.
  10. ↑ Glantz 1998, pp. 10–11, 101, 293, states 2.9 million.
  11. ↑ Taylor 1974, p. 98, states 2.6 million.
  12. ↑ Mercatante 2012, p. 64.
  13. ↑ Clark 2012, p. 76.
  14. ↑ Glantz 2010a, p. 28, states 7,133 aircraft.
  15. ↑ Mercatante 2012, p. 64, states 9,100 aircraft.
  16. ↑ Clark 2012, p. 76, states 9,100 aircraft.
  17. ↑ Glantz 1998, p. 107.
  18. ↑ Glantz & House 1995, p. 68.
  19. ↑ Askey 2014, p. 178.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Bergström 2007, p. 117.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Askey 2014, p. 185.
  22. ↑ Ziemke 1959, p. 184.
  23. ↑ Krivosheev 1997, pp. 95–98.
  24. ↑ Sharp 2010, p. 89.
  25. ↑ 10-ക്ലാസ് സാമൂഹ്യശാസ്ത്രം പുസ്തകം

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