വിക്ടോറിയ വുഡ്ഹൽ

പിന്നീട് വിക്ടോറിയ വുഡ്ഹൽ മാർട്ടിൻ എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ട വിക്ടോറിയ ക്ലെഫ്ലിൻ വുഡ്ഹൽ (സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23, 1838 - ജൂൺ 9, 1927) വനിതകളുടെ വോട്ടവകാശത്തിനുവേണ്ടി പോരാടിയ ഒരു അമേരിക്കൻ നേതാവായിരുന്നു. 1872- ൽ അവർ അമേരിക്കൻ പ്രസിഡന്റിനുവേണ്ടി മത്സരിച്ചിരുന്നു. വനിതകളിൽ അമേരിക്കൻ പ്രസിഡന്റിന് വേണ്ടി ആദ്യമായി മത്സരിച്ചത് വുഡ്ഹുൾ ആണെന്നാണ് ചരിത്രകാരന്മാരും എഴുത്തുകാരും അഭിപ്രായപ്പെടുന്നത്. എന്നാൽ, ചില മുൻകാല പ്രശ്നങ്ങളെ അവളുടെ ഔപചാരിക നിയമപ്രകാരം ചോദ്യം ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. യഥാർഥ കാൻഡിഡേറ്റായി അതിനെ വേർതിരിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് അവർ വിസമ്മതിച്ചു. 35 ആം വയസ്സിൽ ഭരണഘടന അനുശാസിക്കുന്ന പ്രായത്തിൽ അവർ ചെറുപ്പമായിരുന്നു. എന്നാൽ സമകാലിക പത്രങ്ങൾക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പു പ്രചോദനം പ്രായം കുറിക്കുന്നതാണെന്ന് അഭിപ്രായമില്ല. എങ്കിലും, ആരും ആ സ്ഥാനാർഥിയെ ഗൗരവമായി എടുത്തില്ല. (മാർച്ച് ഉദ്ഘാടനം കഴിഞ്ഞ് ഏഴ് മാസം , സപ്തംബർ 1873- ൽ വുഡ്ഹുലിന്റെ 35 ആം ജന്മദിനം ആയിരുന്നു).

Victoria Woodhull
Equal Rights candidate for President of the United States
Election date 1872
വ്യക്തിഗത വിവരങ്ങൾ
ജനനം	Victoria California Claflin (1838-09-23)സെപ്റ്റംബർ 23, 1838 Homer, Ohio, U.S.
മരണം	ജൂൺ 9, 1927(1927-06-09) (പ്രായം 88) Bredon's Norton, Worcestershire, England
അന്ത്യവിശ്രമം	Cremated remains scattered at sea from Newhaven, Sussex, England
രാഷ്ട്രീയ കക്ഷി	Equal Rights
പങ്കാളികൾ	Canning Woodhull (m. 1853; div. 18??) Colonel James Blood ​ ​ (m. 1865; div. 1876)​ John Biddulph Martin ​ ​ (m. 1883; his death 1901)​
കുട്ടികൾ	Byron Woodhull Zula Maude Woodhull
മാതാപിതാക്കൾs	Reuben Buckman Claflin Roxanna Hummel Claflin
ബന്ധുക്കൾ	Tennessee Claflin (sister) See Claflin family
വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം	No formal education
ജോലി	Suffragist, politician, feminist, writer.
അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്	Politics, women's rights, women's suffrage, feminism, civil rights, anti-slavery, stockbroker, journalism, free love
ഒപ്പ്

കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്

• Brough, James (1980). The Vixens. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-22688-6. Historical Fiction
• Caplan, Sheri J. (2013). Petticoats and Pinstripes: Portraits of Women in Wall Street's History. Praeger. ISBN 978-1-4408-0265-2.
• Carpenter, Cari M. (2010). Selected Writings of Victoria Woodhull: Suffrage, Free Love, and Eugenics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Davis, Paulina W., ed. (1871). A history of the national woman's rights movement for twenty years. New York: Journeymen Printers' Cooperative Association.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Evelina, Nicole (2007). Madame Presidentess: A novel of Victoria Woodhull. Lawson Gartner Publishing. ISBN 0996763198.
• Fitzpatrick, Ellen (2016). The Highest Glass Ceiling : Women's Quest for the American Presidency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-08893-1. LCCN 2015045620.
• Frisken, Amanda (2004). Victoria Woodhull's Sexual Revolution. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3798-6.
• Gabriel, Mary (1998). Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull Uncensored. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books. ISBN 1-56512-132-5.
• Goldsmith, Barbara (1998). Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-095332-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Johnson, Gerald W. (June 1956). "Dynamic Victoria Woodhull". American Heritage. 7 (4).
• MacPherson, Myra (2014). The scarlet sisters : sex, suffrage, and scandal in the Gilded Age. New York, NY: Twelve. ISBN 978-0-446-57023-7. LCCN 2013027618. biography of Victoria Woodhull and Tennessee Celeste Claflin
• Marberry, M.M. (1967). Vicky. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
• Meade, Marion (1976). Free Woman. Alfred A. Knopf, Harper & Brothers.
• Riddle, A.G. (1871). The Right of women to exercise the elective franchise under the Fourteenth Article of the Constitution: speech of A.G. Riddle in the Suffrage Convention at Washington, January 11, 1871: the argument was made in support of the Woodhull memorial, before the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives, and reproduced in the Convention. Washington.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Sachs, Emanie (1928). The Terrible Siren. Harper & Brothers.
• Schrupp, Antje (2002). Das Aufsehen erregende Leben der Victoria Woodhull (in german). Helmer.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• If Elected...' Unsuccessful candidates for the presidency 1796–1968. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Offices. 1972. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Victoria Woodhull (1974), Madeleine B. Stern (ed.), The Victoria Woodhull reader, Weston, ISBN 978-0-87730-009-0, OCLC 1345757, OL 5119978M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), Wikidata Q41714954
• Underhill, Lois Beachy (1995). The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull. Bridgehampton, N.Y.: Bridge Works. ISBN 1-882593-10-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Lefkowitz Horowitz, Helen (2000). "Victoria Woodhull, Anthony Comstock, and Conflict over Sex in the United States in the 1870s". The Journal of American History. 87 (2): 403–434. doi:10.2307/2568758. JSTOR 2568758.

സ്വന്തം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരണങ്ങൾ

• Woodhull, Victoria C. (2005) [1874]. Free Lover: Sex, Marriage and Eugenics in the Early Speeches of Victoria Woodhull. Seattle. ISBN 1-58742-050-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). Four of her most important early and radical speeches on sexuality as facsimiles of the original published versions. Includes: "The Principle of Social Freedom" (1872), "The Scare-crows of Sexual Slavery" (1873), "The Elixir of Life" (1873), and "Tried as by Fire" (1873–74).
• Woodhull, Victoria C. (2005) [1893]. Lady Eugenist: Feminist Eugenics in the Speeches and Writings of Victoria Woodhull. Seattle. ISBN 1-58742-040-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). Seven of her most important speeches and writings on eugenics. Five are facsimiles of the original, published versions. Includes: "Children—Their Rights and Privileges" (1871), "The Garden of Eden" (1875, publ. 1890), "Stirpiculture" (1888), "Humanitarian Government" (1890), "The Rapid Multiplication of the Unfit" (1891), and "The Scientific Propagation of the Human Race" (1893)
• Woodhull, Victoria C. (1870). Constitutional equality the logical result of the XIV and XV Amendments, which not only declare who are citizens, but also define their rights, one of which is the right to vote without regard to sex. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Woodhull, Victoria C. (1871). The Origin, Tendencies and Principles of Government, or, A Review of the Rise and Fall of Nations from Early Historic Time to the Present. New York: Woodhull, Claflin & Company.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Woodhull, Victoria C. (1871). Speech of Victoria C. Woodhull on the great political issue of constitutional equality, delivered in Lincoln Hall, Washington, Cooper Institute, New York Academy of Music, Brooklyn, Academy of Music, Philadelphia, Opera House, Syracuse: together with her secession speech delivered at Apollo Hall.
• Woodhull, Victoria C. Martin (1891). The Rapid Multiplication of the Unfit. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

• Weston, Victoria. America's Victoria, Remembering Victoria Woodhull features Gloria Steinem and actress Kate Capshaw. Zoie Films Productions (1998). PBS and Canadian Broadcasts. America's Victoria: Remembering Victoria Woodhull (1998) (TV) ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് മൂവി ഡാറ്റാബേസിൽ
• Woodhull on harvard.edu
• Biographical timeline Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine.
• Victoria Woodhull, Anthony Comstock, and Conflict over Sex in the United States in the 1870s, The Journal of American History, 87, No. 2, September 2000, by Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, S. 403–434
• Stephanie Athey, Eugenic Feminisms in Late Nineteenth-Century America. Reading Race in Victoria Woodhull, Frances Willard, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida B. Wells. In: "Genders. Presenting Innovative Work in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences", 31, 2000
• "Legal Contender... Victoria C. Woodhull: First Woman to Run for President", The Women's Quarterly (Fall 1988)
• Victoria Woodhull, Topics in Chronicling America, Library of Congress
• "A lecture on constitutional equality," delivered at Lincoln hall, Washington, D.C., Thursday, February 16, 1871, by Victoria C. Woodhul, American Memory, Library of Congress
• A history of the national woman's rights movement, for twenty years, with the proceedings of the decade meeting held at Apollo hall, October 20, 1870, from 1850 to 1870, with an appendix containing the history of the movement during the winter of 1871, in the national capitol, comp. by Paulina W. Davis., American Memory, Library of Congress
• "And the truth shall make you free." A speech on the principles of social freedom, delivered in Steinway hall, Nov. 20, 1871, by Victoria C. Woodhull, American Memory, Library of Congress
• "Tried as by Fire" at the University of South Carolina Library's Digital Collections Page
• "Victoria Claflin Woodhull". Suffragist, Social Reformer. Find a Grave. Apr 9, 2004. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
• Movie review: "America's Victoria, Remembering Victoria Woodhull", The American Journal of History