മാതൃദായക്രമം

മാതൃദായക്രമം സ്ത്രീകൾക്ക് പ്രാഥമികാധികാരശക്തിയുള്ള ഒരു സാമൂഹ്യസമ്പ്രദായമാണ്. സ്വത്ത്, എല്ലാക്കാര്യങ്ങളിലും സ്ത്രീകൾക്ക് അധികാരമുണ്ടാകും. അതിനാൽ സ്ത്രീകൾ രാഷ്ട്രീയനേതൃത്വത്തിലും ധാർമ്മികശക്തിയിലും സാമൂഹ്യനിലയിലും മുന്നിട്ടുനിന്നു. സ്വത്ത് സ്ത്രീകളുടെ നിയന്ത്രണത്തിലായതിനാൽ പുരുഷന്മാരേക്കാൾ കൂടുതൽ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം അവർ അനുഭവിച്ചു. പക്ഷെ, ഇത് സ്ത്രീപക്ഷവാദവുമായി ചിലകാര്യങ്ങളിൽ വ്യത്യാസം പുലർത്തി.

See also

• Alain Daniélou
• Bonobo
• Çatalhöyük (denials of matriarchy)
• Female cosmetic coalitions
• The Hebrew Goddess
• History of feminism
• Isis
• Kyriarchy
• Marianismo
• Menstrual synchrony
• Patriarchs (Bible) § Matriarchs
• Mosuo
• Minangkabau people
• Queer nationalism
• Sex strike
• Trobriand Islands
• Venus figurines
• Heide Göttner-Abendroth

Further reading

• Czaplicka, Marie Antoinette, Aboriginal Siberia, a Study in Social Anthropology (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914)
• Finley, M.I., The World of Odysseus (London: Pelican Books, 1962)
• Gimbutas, Marija, The Language of the Goddess (1991)
• Goldberg, Steven, Why Men Rule: A Theory of Male Dominance (rev. ed. 1993 (ISBN 0-8126-9237-3))
• Hutton, Ronald, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (1993 (ISBN 0-631-18946-7))
• Lapatin, Kenneth, Mysteries of the Snake Goddess: Art, Desire, and the Forging of History (2002 (ISBN 0-306-81328-9))
• Lerner, Gerda, The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-19-509060-8))
• Lerner, Gerda, The Creation of Patriarchy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986 (ISBN 0-19-505185-8))
• Schiavoni, Giulio, Bachofen in-attuale? (chapter), in Il matriarcato. Ricerca sulla ginecocrazia del mondo antico nei suoi aspetti religiosi e giuridici (Turin, Italy: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2016) (Johann Jakob Bachofen, editor) (ISBN 978-88-06-229375)
• Shorrocks, Bryan, The Biology of African Savannahs (Oxford University Press, 2007 (ISBN 0-19-857066-X))
• Stearns, Peter N., Gender in World History (N.Y.: Routledge, 2000 (ISBN 0-415-22310-5))
• Raman, Sukumar, A Brief Review of the Status, Distribution and Biology of Wild Asian Elephants Elephas Maximus, in International Zoo Yearbook, vol. 40, no. 1 (2006), pp. 1–8
• Yoshamya, Mitjel, & Zyelimer Yoshamya, Gan-Veyan: Neo-Liburnic Glossary, Grammar, Culture, Genom, in Old-Croatian Archidioms (Zagreb: Scientific Society For Ethnogenesis Studies (Monograph I), 2005), p. 1–1224
• Peggy Reeves Sanday, Women at the Center: Life in a Modern Matriarchy (Cornell University Press, 2002)

References

Bibliography

• de Abreu, Maria (2003). "John Knox: Gynaecocracy, 'The Monstrous Empire of Women'". Reformation & Renaissance Review: Journal of the Society for Reformation Studies. 5 (2): 166–187. doi:10.1558/rarr.5.2.166.36245. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Adler, Margot (2006) [1979]. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303819-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bacchetta, Paola (2002). "Hindu nationalist women: on the use of the feminine symbolic to (temporarily) displace male authority". In Laurie L. Patton (ed.). Jewels of Authority: Women and Textual Tradition in Hindu India. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513478-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brammall, Kathryn M. (1996). "Monstrous metamorphosis: nature, morality, and the rhetoric of monstrosity in Tudor England". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 27 (1): 3–21. JSTOR 2544266. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Castro, Ginette (1990). American Feminism: a Contemporary History. Translated by Elizabeth Loverde-Bagwell. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-1448-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) – translated from Radioscopie du féminisme américain (Paris, France: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1984)
• Chesler, Phyllis (2005). Women and Madness. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6897-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Daly, Mary (1990) [1978]. Gyn/Ecology: the Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-1413-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davis, Elizabeth Gould (1971). The First Sex. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons. LCCN 79-150582. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Diner, Helen (1965). Mothers and Amazons: The First Feminine History of Culture. Edited and translated by John Philip Lundin. New York, NY: Julian Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Donovan, Josephine (2000). Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1248-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Echols, Alice (1989). Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967–1975. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1787-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eller, Cynthia (1991). "Relativizing the patriarchy: the sacred history of the feminist spirituality movement". History of Religions. 30 (3). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eller, Cynthia (1995). Living in the Lap of the Goddess: The Feminist Spirituality Movement in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-6507-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eller, Cynthia (2000). The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why an Invented Past Won't Give Women a Future. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-6792-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eller, Cynthia (2011). Gentlemen and Amazons: The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory, 1861–1900. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Engels, Friedrich (1984). Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staates. Im Anschluss an Lewis H. Morgans Forschungen (in ജർമ്മൻ). Berlin: Dietz. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Epstein, Barbara (1991). Political Protest and Cultural Revolution: Nonviolent Direct Action in the 1970s and 1980s. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07010-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Farley, Tucker (1984). "Realities and fictions: lesbian visions of Utopia". Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 0-8052-0762-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Felch, Susan M. (1995). The rhetoric of Biblical authority: John Knox and the question of women. Vol. 26. pp. 805–822. JSTOR 2543787. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Freeman, Marsha (2003). "Women, law, religion, and politics in Israel: a human rights perspective". Jewish Feminism in Israel. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN 1-58465-325-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Gabriel, Mary (1998). Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books. ISBN 1-56512-132-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (2001) [1914]. The Man-Made World; or, Our Androcentric Culture. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. ISBN 1-57392-959-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Goettner-Abendroth, Heide, ed. (2009a). Societies of Peace: Matriarchies Past, Present and Future: Selected Papers: First World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2003 / Second World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2005. Toronto: Inanna Publications. ISBN 978-0-9782233-5-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Goettner-Abendroth, Heide (2009b). "The deep structure of matriarchal society: findings and political relevance of modern matriarchal studies". In Heide Goettner-Abendroth (ed.). Societies of Peace: Matriarchies Past, Present and Future: Selected Papers: First World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2003 / Second World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2005. Translated by Karen Smith. Toronto: Inanna Publications. ISBN 978-0-9782233-5-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hartman, Tova (2007). Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-659-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Healey, Robert M. (1994). "Waiting for Deborah: John Knox and Four Ruling Queens". The Sixteenth Century Journal: The Journal of Early Modern Studies. 25 (2): 371–386. JSTOR 2542887. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Herzog, Don (1998). Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04831-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Jacobs, Renée E. (1991). "Iroquois Great Law of Peace and the United States Constitution: How the Founding Fathers Ignored the Clan Mothers". American Indian Law Review. 16 (2): 497–531. JSTOR 20068706. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Knox, John (1878) [1558]. Edward Arber (ed.). The First Blast of the Trumpet against the monstruous regiment of Women. English Scholar's Library. Vol. 2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• LeBow, Diane (1984). "Rethinking matriliny among the Hopi". Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. pp. 8–20. ISBN 0-8052-0762-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Lee, Patricia-Ann (1990). "A bodye politique to governe: Aylmer, Knox and the debate on queenship". The Historian. 52 (2): 242–261. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1990.tb00780.x. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Love, Barbara; Shanklin, Elizabeth (1983). "The answer is matriarchy". In Joyce Trebilcot (ed.). Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory. New Jersey: Rowman & Allenheld. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mansfield, Harvey Claflin (2006). Manliness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10664-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-19-861271-0.
• Peoples, James; Bailey, Garrick (2012). Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (9th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-111-30152-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Phan, Peter C. (2005). Vietnamese-American Catholics. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. ISBN 0-8091-4352-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Poldervaart, Saskia (1997). "Utopianism and feminism: some conclusions". Feminist Utopias: In a Postmodern Era. Tilburg University Press. pp. 177–194. ISBN 90-361-9747-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Porter, Laurence M. (1992). "Feminist fantasy and open structure in Monique Wittig's Les Guérillères". The Celebration of the Fantastic: Selected Papers from the Tenth Anniversary International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 261–270. ISBN 0-313-27814-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Roald, Anne Sofie (2001). Women in Islam: The Western Experience. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24896-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Richards, Judith M. (1997). ""To promote a woman to beare rule": talking of queens in mid-Tudor England". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 28 (1): 101–121. JSTOR 2543225. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Roces, Mina; Edwards, Louise P., eds. (2010). Women's Movements in Asia: Feminisms and Transnational Activism. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9780415487030. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1977). "Women in transition: Crete and Sumer". Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 36–59. ISBN 9780395244777. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1984). "Introduction". Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 0-8052-0762-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Ross, Becki L. (1995). The House That Jill Built: A Lesbian Nation in Formation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-7479-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rountree, Kathryn (2001). The past is a foreigners' country: goddess feminists, archaeologists, and the appropriation of prehistory. Vol. 16. pp. 5–27. doi:10.1080/13537900123321. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ruden, Sarah (2010). Paul Among the People: The Apostle Reinterpreted and Reimagined in his Own Time. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-375-42501-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Scalingi, Paula Louise (1978). "The Scepter or the Distaff: The Question of Female Sovereignty, 1516–1607". The Historian. 41 (1). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schaub, Diana (2006). "Man's field: a review of Manliness, by Harvey C. Mansfield". Claremont Review of Books. VI (2). Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2017-02-12. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schlegel, Alice (1984). "Hopi gender ideology of female superiority". Quarterly Journal of Ideology: "A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom". VIII (4). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schönpflug, Karin (2008). Feminism, Economics and Utopia: Time Travelling Through Paradigms. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41784-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Spender, Dale (1985). For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge. London: The Women's Press. ISBN 0-7043-2862-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04428-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Tsomo, Karma Lekshe (1999). "Mahāprajāpatī's legacy: the Buddhist women's movement: an introduction". In Karma Lekshe Tsomo (ed.). Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-4138-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Umanit, Irit (2003). "Violence against women". Jewish Feminism in Israel. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN 1-58465-325-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Vonarburg, Elisabeth (1992). In the mother's land. Translated by Jane Brierley. New York, NY: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-5532-9962-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Willemsen, Tineke M. (1997). "Feminism and utopias: an introduction". Feminist Utopias: In a Postmodern Era. Tilburg University Press. pp. 1–10. ISBN 90-361-9747-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Wittig, Monique (1985) [1969]. Les Guérillères. Translated by David Le Vay. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-6301-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Zerilli, Linda M. G. (2005). Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-98133-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)