മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗർ

ജനനനിയന്ത്രണമെന്ന ആശയം ആദ്യമായി അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നത് അമേരിക്കൻ വനിതയാണ് മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗർ.സ്വന്തം ശരീരത്തിൽ സ്ത്രീകളുടെ അവകാശം പ്രജനനവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടു സ്ത്രീ നേരിടുന്ന ദുരിതങ്ങൾ, സ്ത്രീയുടെ സാമൂഹികാവകാശങ്ങൾ തുടങ്ങിയവയ്ക്കുവേണ്ടി ഇരുപതാംനൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ ഏറ്റവും സംഘടിതമായ യത്നങ്ങൾ സംഘടിപ്പിച്ച വനിതയാണ് മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗർ.തൻറെ അമ്മ 18 പ്രസവത്തിലൂടെ (ഏഴ് ചാപിള്ളകൾ) ദുരിതമനുഭവിച്ചു മരിച്ചതിൽ മനംനൊന്ത് മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗർ എന്ന അമെരിക്കൻ വനിതയാണ് ജനനനിയന്ത്രണമെന്ന ആശയം ആദ്യമായി അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്.വിമൻ റിബൽ എന്ന മാസിക (1914) യിലൂടെയും ലഘുലേഖകളിലൂടെയും ജനനനിയന്ത്രണം, ഗർഭനിരോധനം തുടങ്ങിയ ആശയങ്ങൾ പ്രചരിപ്പിച്ച സാംഗറെ അമെരിക്കൻ നിയമം വേട്ടയാടി. ശിക്ഷയിൽ നിന്നു രക്ഷപ്പെടാൻ അവർ ലണ്ടനിലേക്കു കടന്നു. ആദ്യത്തെ ലോകജനസംഖ്യ 1927 സമ്മേളനം സംഘടിപ്പിച്ചതും സാംഗറാണ്. 1961 ഒക്റ്റോബറിൽ അമേരിക്കയിൽ ബ്രൂക്ലിസിൽ മാർഗരറ്റാണ്‌ ആദ്യത്തെ ജനനനിയന്ത്രണ ക്ലിനിക്ക് ആരംഭിച്ചത്.

മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗർ
Sanger in 1922
ജനനം	Margaret Louise Higgins (1879-09-14)സെപ്റ്റംബർ 14, 1879 Corning, New York, United States
മരണം	സെപ്റ്റംബർ 6, 1966(1966-09-06) (പ്രായം 86) Tucson, Arizona, United States
തൊഴിൽ	Social reformer, sex educator, writer, nurse
ജീവിതപങ്കാളി(കൾ)	William Sanger (1902–1921)

പുസ്തകങ്ങളും ലഘുലേഖകളും

• What Every Mother Should Know – Originally published in 1911 or 1912, based on a series of articles Sanger published in 1911 in the New York Call, which were, in turn, based on a set of lectures Sanger gave to groups of Socialist party women in 1910–1911. Multiple editions published through the 1920s, by Max N. Maisel and Sincere Publishing, with the title What Every Mother Should Know, or how six little children were taught the truth ... Online Archived 2022-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. (1921 edition, Michigan State University)
• Family Limitation – Originally published 1914 as a 16-page pamphlet; also published in several later editions. Online Archived 2022-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. (1917, 6th edition, Michigan State University)
• What Every Girl Should Know – Originally published 1916 by Max N. Maisel; 91 pages; also published in several later editions. Online Archived 2022-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. (1920 edition); Online Archived 2022-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. (1922 ed., Michigan State University)
• The Case for Birth Control: A Supplementary Brief and Statement of Facts – May 1917, published to provide information to the court in a legal proceeding. Online (Internet Archive)
• Woman and the New Race, 1920, Truth Publishing, foreword by Havelock Ellis. Online Archived 2007-03-13 at the Wayback Machine. (Harvard University); Online (Project Gutenberg); Online (Internet Archive); Audio on Archive.org
• Debate on Birth Control – 1921, text of a debate between Sanger, Theodore Roosevelt, Winter Russell, George Bernard Shaw, Robert L. Wolf, and Emma Sargent Russell. Published as issue 208 of Little Blue Book series by Haldeman-Julius Co. Online Archived 2022-09-02 at the Wayback Machine. (1921, Michigan State University)
• The Pivot of Civilization, 1922, Brentanos. Online (1922, Project Gutenberg); Online (1922, Google Books)
• Motherhood in Bondage, 1928, Brentanos. Online (Google Books).
• My Fight for Birth Control, 1931, New York: Farrar & Rinehart
• An Autobiography. New York, NY: Cooper Square Press. 1938. ISBN 0-8154-1015-8.
• Fight for Birth Control, 1916, New York] [1] (The Library of Congress)
• Birth Control A Parent's Problem or Women's?" The Birth Control Review, Mar. 1919, 6-7.

ആഴ്ച്ച പതിപ്പുകൾ

• The Woman Rebel – Seven issues published monthly from March 1914 to August 1914. Sanger was publisher and editor.
• Birth Control Review – Published monthly from February 1917 to 1940. Sanger was Editor until 1929, when she resigned from the ABCL.""Birth Control Review", Margaret Sanger Papers Project, NYU". Nyu.edu. Retrieved 2012-03-12. Not to be confused with Birth Control News, published by the London-based Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress.

സമാഹാരങ്ങൾ

• Sanger, Margaret, The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger, Volume 1: The Woman Rebel, 1900–1928, Esther Katz, Cathy Moran Hajo, Peter Engelman (eds), University of Illinois Press, 2003
• Sanger, Margaret, The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger, Volume 2: Birth Control Comes of Age, 1928–1939, Esther Katz, Cathy Moran Hajo, Peter Engelman (eds), University of Illinois Press, 2007
• Sanger, Margaret, The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger, Volume 3: The Politics of Planned Parenthood, 1939–1966, Esther Katz, Cathy Moran Hajo, Peter Engelman (eds), University of Illinois Press, 2010
• Margaret Sanger എന്ന വ്യക്തിയുടെ രചനകൾ പ്രോജക്ട് ഗുട്ടൻബർഗിൽനിന്ന്
• The Margaret Sanger Papers at Smith College Archived 2011-05-27 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Margaret Sanger Papers Project at New York University
• McElderry, Michael J. (1976). "Margaret Sanger: A Register of Her Papers in the Library of Congress". Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2009-03-29. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
• Correspondence between Sanger and McCormick, from The Pill Archived 2015-06-21 at the Wayback Machine. documentary movie; supplementary material, PBS, American Experience (producers). online].

പ്രസംഗങ്ങൾ

• Sanger, Margaret, "The Morality of Birth Control" 1921.

മാർഗരറ്റ് സാംഗറിനെ പറ്റിയുള്ള പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ

• Baker, Jean H. (2011), Margaret Sanger: A Life of Passion, Macmillan
• Buchanan, Paul D. (2009), American Women's Rights Movement: A Chronology of Events and of Opportunities from 1600 to 2008, Branden Books
• Chesler, Ellen (1992). Woman of valor: Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement in America. New York: Simon Schuster. ISBN 0-671-60088-5.; The most comprehensive biography of Sanger and the birth control movement
• Coates, Patricia Walsh (2008), Margaret Sanger and the Origin of the Birth Control Movement, 1910–1930: the concept of women's sexual autonomy, Edwin Mellen Press, 2008
• Cohen, Warren I. (2009), Profiles in humanity: the battle for peace, freedom, equality, and human rights, Rowman & Littlefield
• Coigney, Virginia (1969), Margaret Sanger: rebel with a cause, Doubleday
• Cox, Vicki (2004). Margaret Sanger: Rebel For Women's Rights. Chelsea House Publications. ISBN 0-7910-8030-7.
• Craig, Layne Parish. When Sex Changed: Birth Control Politics and Literature Between the World Wars (Rutgers University Press, 2013)
• Engelman, Peter C. (2011), A History of the Birth Control Movement in America, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-313-36509-6
• Franks, Angela (2005), Margaret Sanger's Eugenic Legacy: The Control of Female Fertility, McFarland
• Gordon, Linda (1976). Woman's Body, Woman's Right:A Social History of Birth Control in America. New York: Grossman Publishers.
• Gray, Madeline (1979). Margaret Sanger: A Biography of the Champion of Birth Control. New York City, NY: Richard Marek Publishers. ISBN 0-399-90019-5.
• Hajo, Cathy Moran (2010), Birth Control on Main Street: Organizing Clinics in the United States, 1916–1939, University of Illinois Press ISBN 978-0-252-03536-4
• Katz, Esther; Peter C. Engelman; Cathy Moran Hajo (2002). the Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger: Vol. 1, The Woman Rebel. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02737-X.
• Kennedy, David (1970). Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger. Yale University Press.
• Lader, Lawrence (1955), The Margaret Sanger Story and the Fight For Birth Control, Doubleday. Reprinted in Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1975, ISBN 978-0-8371-7076-3.
• Lader, Lawrence and Meltzer, Milton (1969), Margaret Sanger: pioneer of birth control, Crowell
• McCann, Carole Ruth (1994), Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916–1945, Cornell University Press
• McCann, Carole Ruth (2010), "Women as Leaders in the Contraceptive Movement", in Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook, Karen O'Connor (ed.), SAGE
• Reed, Miriam (2003), Margaret Sanger: Her Life in Her Words, Barricade Books, ISBN 1-56980-246-7.
• Rosenbaum, Judith (2010), "The Call to Action: Margaret Sanger, the Brownsville Jewish Women, and Political Activism", in Gender and Jewish History, Marion A. Kaplan, Deborah Dash Moore (eds), Indiana University Press, 2010.
• Viney, Wayne; King, D. A. (2003). A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-33582-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ചരിത്ര പഠനത്തിൽ

• Sandi L. Dinger, "Sanger, Margaret" in Eleanor B. Amico., ed., Readers Guide to Women's Studies (1998) pp 505–6