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"കോഹിനൂർ" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

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1323-ൽ [[ദില്ലി സുൽത്താനത്ത്|ദില്ലിയിലെ]] [[തുഗ്ലക് രാജവംശം|തുഗ്ലക് വംശത്തിലെ]] സുൽത്താനായിരുന്ന [[ഗിയാസ് ഉദ് ദീൻ തുഗ്ലക്|ഗിയാസ് ഉദ് ദീൻ തുഗ്ലകിന്റെ]] സേനാനായകനായ ഉലൂഗ് ഖാൻ, കാകാത്യ രാജാക്കന്മാരെ തോല്‍പ്പിക്കുകയും കാകാത്യരുടെ ആസ്ഥാനമായിരുന്ന ഓറുഗല്ലു (ഇന്നത്തെ [[വാറങ്കൽ]]) കൊള്ളയടിച്ചു നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. ഇങ്ങനെ കൊള്ളയടിച്ച് ദില്ലിയിലേക്ക് കടത്തിയ വിലപിടിപ്പുള്ള വസ്തുക്കളിൽ കൊഹിനൂർ രത്നവും ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നു.<ref>Pakistan Before Europe, C.E.B. Asher and C. Talbot, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0521809045, p. 40</ref><ref>A History of Pakistan, Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, Edition: 3, Routledge, 1998, p. 160; ISBN 0415154820</ref> തുടർന്ന് ഈ രത്നം ദില്ലിയിൽ പിൽക്കാലത്ത് അധികാരത്തിൽ വന്ന സുൽത്താന്മാർക്ക് കൈമാറിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയും, 1526-ൽ [[മുഗൾ സാമ്രാജ്യം|മുഗൾ സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ]] സ്ഥാപകനായ [[ബാബർ|ബാബറുടെ]] കൈവശമെത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു.
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The first confirmed historical mention of the Koh-i-noor by an identifiable name dates from 1526. [[Babur]] mentions in his memoirs, the ''[[Baburnama]]'', that the stone had belonged to an unnamed Rajah of [[Malwa]] in [[1294]]. Babur held the stone's value to be such as to feed the whole world for two days. The [[Baburnama]] recounts how Rajah of Malwa was compelled to yield his prized possession to [[Ala ud din Khilji]]; it was then owned by a succession of dynasties that ruled the [[Delhi sultanate]], finally coming into the possession of Babur himself in [[1526]], following his victory over the last ruler of that kingdom. However, the [[Baburnama]] was written c.1526-30; Babur's source for this information is unknown, and he may have been recounting the hearsay of his day and mixed up the Emperor of [[Warangal]] with the Rajah of Malwa. He did not at that time call the stone by its present name, but despite some debate<ref name="hindus-claim" /> about the identity of 'Babur's Diamond' it seems likely that it was the stone which later became known as Koh-i-noor.
 
മുഗൾ പരമ്പരയിലെ നാലാമത്തെ ചക്രവർത്തിയായിരുന്ന [[ഷാ ജഹാൻ]], ഈ ഈ കല്ലിനെ, തന്റെ പ്രസിദ്ധമായ [[മയൂരസിംഹാസനം|മയൂരസിംഹാസനത്തിന്റെ]] ഭാഗമാക്കി.
Both Babur and [[Humayun]] mention very clearly in their memoirs the origins of 'Babur's Diamond'. This diamond was with the [[Kachwaha|Kachhwaha]] rulers of [[Gwalior]] and then inherited by the [[Tomara]] line. The last of Tomaras, [[Vikramaditya]], was defeated by [[Sikandar Lodhi|Sikandar Lodi]], Sultan of Delhi and became Delhi sultanate pensioner and resided in Delhi. On the defeat of Lodis and replacement by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s, his house was looted by the Mughals and Prince Humayun interceded and restored his property even allowing him to leave Delhi and take refuge in [[Mewar]] at [[Chittorgarh|Chittaur]]. In return for Humayun's kindness, one of the diamonds, most likely the Koh-i-noor, in possession of Prince Vikaramaditya was given to Humayun in gratitude. Humayun had much bad luck throughout his life. [[Sher Shah Suri]], who defeated Humayun, died in the flames of a burst cannon. His son [[Islam Shah Suri|Jalal Khan]] was murdered by his brother-in-law, who was overthrown by his minister, who in turn lost the empire of India by the unlucky accident of getting hit in the eye at the stroke of victory. Humayun's son, [[Akbar the Great|Akbar]], never kept the diamond with himself and later only Shah Jahan took it out of his treasury. Akbar's grandson, [[Shah Jahan]] was overthrown by his son, [[Aurangzeb|Aurangazeb]], who orchestrated the death and murder of his three brothers.
<!--The Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]], famous for building the [[Taj Mahal]], had the stone placed into his ornate [[Peacock Throne]]. His son, [[Aurangazeb]], imprisoned his ailing father at nearby [[Agra Fort]]. Legend has it that he had the Koh-i-Noor positioned near a window so that Shah Jahan could see the Taj only by looking at its reflection in the stone. Aurangazeb later brought it to his capital [[Lahore]] and placed it in his own personal [[Badshahi Mosque]]. There it stayed until the invasion of [[Nader Shah]] in [[1739]] and the sacking of [[Agra]] and [[Delhi]]. Along with the Peacock Throne, he also carried off the Koh-i-Noor to [[Persia]] in [[1739]]. It was allegedly [[Nader Shah]] who exclaimed ''Koh-i-Noor!'' when he finally managed to obtain the famous stone, and this is how the stone gained its present name. There is no reference to this name before 1739.
 
The valuation of the Koh-i-Noor is given in the legend that one of Nader Shah's consorts supposedly said, "If a strong man should take five stones, and throw one north, one south, one east, and one west, and the last straight up into the air, and the space between filled with gold and gems, that would equal the value of the Koh-i-noor."
[[Image:Croquis du Koh-i-Noor d'après Tavernier.jpg|left|thumb|250px| Tavernier's illustration of the Koh-I-Noor under different angles]]
 
After the assassination of Nader Shah in 1747, the stone came into the hands of [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] of [[Afghanistan]]. In 1830, [[Shuja Shah Durrani|Shah Shuja]], the deposed ruler of Afghanistan, managed to flee with the Kohinoor diamond. He then came to Lahore where it was given to the Sikh [[Maharaja]] (King) of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[Ranjit Singh]]; in return for this Maharaja Ranjit Singh won back the Afghan throne for Shah Shuja.
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