"ജലം" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം
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വരി 49:
== സവിശേഷതകൾ ==
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 477162647
| Name = Water ({{chem| H|2|O)}}
| ImageFile1 = H2O 2D labelled.svg
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageName1 = The water molecule has this basic geometric structure
| ImageFileL1 = Water-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 100px
| ImageNameL1 = Ball-and-stick model of a water molecule
| ImageFileR1 = Water molecule 3D.svg
| ImageSizeR1 = 100px
| ImageNameR1 = Space filling model of a water molecule
| ImageFile2 = 2006-02-13 Drop before impact.jpg
| ImageSize2 = 264px
| ImageName2 = A drop of water falling towards water in a glass
| IUPACName = water, oxidane
| OtherNames = Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH), Hydrogen oxide, [[Dihydrogen monoxide hoax|Dihydrogen monoxide]] (DHMO), Hydrogen monoxide, Dihydrogen oxide, Hydric acid, Hydrohydroxic acid, Hydroxic acid, Hydrol,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hydrol|title = Definition of Hydrol|publisher= Merriam-Webster| subscription = yes}}</ref> μ-Oxido dihydrogen
| data page pagename = Water (data page)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1098659
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H2O/h1H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = O
| CASNo = 7732-18-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 962
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 937
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 15377
| RTECS = ZC0110000
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 059QF0KO0R
| Gmelin = 117
| Beilstein = 3587155
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem| H|2|O}}
| MolarMass = 18.01528(33) g/mol
| Odor = None
| Appearance = White solid or almost colorless, transparent, with a slight hint of blue, crystalline solid or liquid<ref name="Braun_1993_612" />
| Density = Liquid:{{sfn|Riddick|1970|loc= Table of Physical Properties, Water 0b. pg 67-8}}<br>0.9998396 g/mL at 0 °C<br>0.9970474 g/mL at 25 °C<br>0.961893 g/mL at 95 °C<br>Solid:{{sfn|Lide|2003|loc = Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water in Section 6}}<br> 0.9167 g/ml at 0 °C
| MeltingPtC = 0.00
| MeltingPt_notes ={{Efn|[[Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water]] (VSMOW), used for calibration, melts at 273.1500089(10) K (0.000089(10) °C, and boils at 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C). Other isotopic compositions melt or boil at slightly different temperatures.|name = VSMOW}}
| BoilingPtC = 99.98
| BoilingPt_notes =<ref name=nistbp>{{nist|name=Water|id=C7732185|accessdate=2016-5-27|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>{{Efn|name=VSMOW}}
| pKa = 13.995{{sfn|Lide|2003|loc=Chapter 8: Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases}}{{sfn|Weingärtner et al.|2016|p = 13}}{{efn|
A commonly quoted value of 15.7 used mainly in organic chemistry for the pK<sub>a</sub> of water is incorrect.<ref>{{cite web| title = What is the pKa of Water| url = http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/What_is_the_pKa_of_water%3F| publisher = [[University of California, Davis]]}}</ref>}}
| pKb = 13.995
| Viscosity = 0.890 [[Poise (unit)|cP]]{{sfn|Lide|2003|loc=6.186}}
| RefractIndex = 1.3330 (20 °C){{sfn|Lide|2003|loc=8—Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity}}
| VaporPressure = {{convert|3.1690|kPa|atm|abbr = out| disp = or}}{{sfn|Lide|2003|loc= Vapor Pressure of Water From 0 to 370° C in Sec. 6}}
| SolubleOther = Poorly soluble in [[haloalkane]]s, [[aliphatic]] and [[aromatic]] hydrocarbons, [[ether]]s.<ref name=chemister>{{cite web| title = Properties of substance: water|url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1| first = Kiper Ruslan | last = Anatolievich}}</ref> Improved solubility in [[carboxylate]]s, [[alcohols]], [[ketones]], [[amines]]. Miscible with [[methanol]], [[ethanol]], [[propanol]], [[isopropanol]], [[acetone]], [[glycerol]], [[1,4-dioxane]], [[tetrahydrofuran]], [[sulfolane]], [[acetaldehyde]], [[dimethylformamide]], [[dimethoxyethane]], [[dimethyl sulfoxide]], [[acetonitrile]]. Partially miscible with [[Diethyl ether]], [[Methyl Ethyl Ketone]], [[Dichloromethane]], [[Ethyl Acetate]], [[Bromine]].
| ThermalConductivity = 0.6065 W/(m·K)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramires|first=Maria L. V.|last2=Castro|first2=Carlos A. Nieto de|last3=Nagasaka|first3=Yuchi|last4=Nagashima|first4=Akira|last5=Assael|first5=Marc J.|last6=Wakeham|first6=William A.|date=1995-05-01|title=Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water|url=http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jpcrd/24/3/10.1063/1.555963|journal=Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data|volume=24|issue=3|pages=1377–1381|doi=10.1063/1.555963|issn=0047-2689|bibcode=1995JPCRD..24.1377R}}</ref>
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = [[bent (chemistry)|Bent]]
| CrystalStruct = [[ice|Hexagonal]]
| Dipole = 1.8546 [[Debye|D]]{{sfn|Lide|2003|loc=9—Dipole Moments}}
| PointGroup = C<sub>2v</sub>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −285.83 ± 0.04 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister /><ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Water|id=C7732185|accessdate=2014-06-01|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>
| DeltaGf = −237.24 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister />
| Entropy = 69.95 ± 0.03 J/(mol·K)<ref name=nist />
| HeatCapacity = 75.375 ± 0.05 J/(mol·K)<ref name=nist />
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = [[Drowning]]<br>[[Avalanche]] (as snow)<br>(see also [[Dihydrogen monoxide hoax]])
| NFPA-H = 0
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPt= Non-flammable
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[Hydrogen sulfide]]<br> [[Hydrogen selenide]]<br> [[Hydrogen telluride]]<br> [[Hydrogen polonide]]<br> [[Hydrogen peroxide]]
| OtherFunction_label = [[solvent]]s
| OtherFunction = [[Acetone]]<br> [[Methanol]]
}}
}}
=== രാസഗുണങ്ങൾ ===
[[പ്രമാണം:3D model hydrogen bonds in water.jpg|right|thumb|ജലത്തിലെ [[ഹൈഡ്രജൻ|ഹൈഡ്രജൻബോണ്ടിങ്ങ്]]]]
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