കാതറിൻ II

1729 മുതൽ 1790 വരെ റഷ്യ ഭരിച്ച ചക്രവർത്തിനിയായിരുന്നു കാതറിൻ II അഥവാ കാതറിൻ ദ് ഗ്രേറ്റ്.അവരുടെ ഭരണകാലത്താണ് റഷ്യ യൂറോപ്പിലെ ഒരു വൻശക്തിയായി മാറിയത്. കാതറിന്റെ ഭരണ കാലം റഷ്യൻ ചരിത്രത്തിലെ സുവർണകാലമായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. 1762-ൽ ഭർത്താവ് കൂടിയായിരുന്ന പീറ്റർ മൂന്നാമനെ അട്ടിമറിച്ചാണ് അധികാരത്തിലേറിയത്.

കാതറിൻ II
Catherine II by Fyodor Rokotov
Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias
ഭരണകാലം	9 July 1762 – 17 November 1796
Coronation	12 September 1762
മുൻഗാമി	Peter III
പിൻഗാമി	Paul I
Empress consort of All the Russias
Tenure	25 December 1761 – 9 July 1762
ജീവിതപങ്കാളി	Peter III of Russia
3 illegitimate children മക്കൾ
Paul I of Russia
പേര്
Sophie Friederike Auguste
രാജവംശം	House of Romanov House of Ascania
പിതാവ്	Christian Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
മാതാവ്	Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
ഒപ്പ്
മതം	Lutheranism, then Eastern Orthodox

ഇതും കാണുക

• Rumours and urban legends about Catherine the Great
• Potemkin village
• Tsars of Russia family tree

ബിബ്ലിയോഗ്രാഫി

• Dixon, Simon (2009). Catherine the Great. Ecco. ISBN 978-0-06-078627-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Fisher, Alan W. (1968). "Enlightened Despotism and Islam under Catherine II". Slavic Review. 27 (4): 542–553. doi:10.2307/2494437. JSTOR 2494437. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hosking, Geoffrey (1997). Russia: People and Empire, 1552–1917. Harvard University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Klier, John D. (1976). "The Ambiguous Legal Status of Russian Jewry in the Reign of Catherine II". Slavic Review. 35 (3): 504–517. doi:10.2307/2495122. JSTOR 2495122. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kliuchevskii, Vasilii. 1997. A course in Russian history: the time of Catherine the Great. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. (Translation of a 19th-century work.)
• Kolchin, Peter (1990) [First published 1987]. Unfree Labor: American Slavery and Russian Serfdom. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-92098-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Madariaga, Isabel De (1979). "The Foundation of the Russian Educational System by Catherine II". Slavonic and East European Review: 369–395. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Madariaga, Isabel De (1981). Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. Yale University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Madariaga, Isabel De (1993). Catherine the Great: A Short History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05427-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Massie, Robert K. (2011). Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-45672-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Max (2006). "If these walls....Smolny's Repeated Roles in History". Russian Life. pp. 19–24. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Montefiore, Simon Sebag (4 October 2001). Prince of Princes: the life of Potemkin. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-1-84212-438-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Montefiore, Simon Sebag (30 December 2010). Catherine the Great and Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair. Orion. ISBN 978-0-297-86623-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Butterwick, Richard (14 May 1998). Poland's Last King and English Culture: Stanisław August Poniatowski, 1732–1798. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820701-6. Retrieved 29 April 2012. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Reddaway, W.F. "Documents of Catherine the Great. The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English Text of 1768". Cambridge University Press, (England), (1931), Reprint (1971).
• Rodger, NAM (2005). Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06050-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rounding, Virginia (2006). Catherine the Great: Love, Sex and Power. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-179992-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rounding, Virginia (2006). Catherine the Great. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-179992-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്

• Alexander, John T. (1988). Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505236-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bilbasov Vasily A. History of Catherine the Great. Berlin: Publishing Frederick Gottgeyner, 1900. At Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats
• Bogdanovich Modest I. Russian army in the age of the Empress Catherine II. Saint Petersburg: Printing office of the Department of inheritance, 1873. At Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats
• Brickner Alexander Gustavovich. History of Catherine the Great. Saint Petersburg: Typography of A. Suvorin, 1885. At Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats
• Cronin, Vincent. Catherine, Empress of All the Russias. London: Collins, 1978 (hardcover, ISBN 0-00-216119-2); 1996 (paperback, ISBN 1-86046-091-7)
• Dixon, Simon. Catherine the Great (Profiles in Power). Harlow, UK: Longman, 2001 (paperback, ISBN 0-582-09803-3)
• Herman, Eleanor. Sex With the Queen. New York: HarperCollins, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-06-084673-9).
• Malecka, Anna. "Did Orlov buy the Orlov", Gems and Jewellery, July 2014, pp. 10–12.
• The Memoirs of Catherine the Great by Markus Cruse and Hilde Hoogenboom (translators). New York: Modern Library, 2005 (hardcover, ISBN 0-679-64299-4); 2006 (paperback, ISBN 0-8129-6987-1)
• Smith, Douglas, ed. and trans. Love and Conquest: Personal Correspondence of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Potemkin. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois UP, 2004 (hardcover, ISBN 0-87580-324-5); 2005 (paperback ISBN 0-87580-607-4)
• Troyat, Henri. Catherine the Great. New York: Dorset Press, 1991 (hardcover, ISBN 0-88029-688-7); London: Orion, 2000 (paperback, ISBN 1-84212-029-8)
• Troyat, Henri. Terrible Tsarinas. New York: Algora, 2001 (ISBN 1-892941-54-6).

ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ

വിക്കിചൊല്ലുകളിലെ കാതറിൻ II എന്ന താളിൽ ഈ ലേഖനവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചൊല്ലുകൾ ലഭ്യമാണ്‌:

• Catherine the Great on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)

• Catherine the Great at Chronology World History Database
• Some of the code of laws mentioned above, along with other information
• Manifesto of the Empress Catherine II, inviting foreign immigration at the Wayback Machine (archived March 27, 2004)
• Information about the Battle of Svenskund and the war
• Historical Myths: The Death of Catherine the Great
• Catherine the Great of Russia
• Briefly about Catherine: The Enlightened Despots at the Wayback Machine (archived June 26, 2012)
• (in Russian) Family tree of the ancestors of Catherine the Great
• Douglas Smith, Love and Conquest: Personal Correspondence of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Potemkin at the Wayback Machine (archived 25 August 2011)
• http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/Catherine.html Archived 2015-06-29 at the Wayback Machine.
• "Catherine II." . എൻസൈക്ലോപീഡിയ ബ്രിട്ടാനിക്ക (11th ed.). 1911.
•  "Catharine II." . New International Encyclopedia. 1905. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER15=, |HIDE_PARAMETER13=, |HIDE_PARAMETER2=, |HIDE_PARAMETER21=, |HIDE_PARAMETER11=, |HIDE_PARAMETER28=, |HIDE_PARAMETER32=, |HIDE_PARAMETER14=, |HIDE_PARAMETER17=, |HIDE_PARAMETER31=, |HIDE_PARAMETER20=, |HIDE_PARAMETER5=, |HIDE_PARAMETER30=, |HIDE_PARAMETER19=, |HIDE_PARAMETER29=, |HIDE_PARAMETER16=, |HIDE_PARAMETER26=, |HIDE_PARAMETER22=, |HIDE_PARAMETER25=, |HIDE_PARAMETER33=, |HIDE_PARAMETER24=, |HIDE_PARAMETER18=, |HIDE_PARAMETER10=, |HIDE_PARAMETER4=, |HIDE_PARAMETER3=, |HIDE_PARAMETER1=, |HIDE_PARAMETER23=, |HIDE_PARAMETER27=, and |HIDE_PARAMETER12= (help)
• Romanovs. The fifth film. Peter III; Catherine II യൂട്യൂബിൽ – Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)