വിക്കിപീഡിയ:IPA for Mandarin

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Mandarin Chinese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Mandarin phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Mandarin. Please note that English equivalents given in this page may only represent very approximate sounds to the original pronunciations.

Consonants
IPA	Pinyin	Bopomofo	English approximation
[ɕ]	x	ㄒ	she
[f]	f	ㄈ	fan
[j]	y-, -i-	ㄧ	you
[k]	g	ㄍ	scan
kʰ	k	ㄎ	can
[l]	l	ㄌ	leaf
[m]	m	ㄇ	moon
[n]	n-, -n	ㄋ, ㄣ	noon
[ŋ]	-ng	ㄥ	song
[p]	b	ㄅ	span
pʰ	p	ㄆ	pan
[ɻ]	-r	ㄦ	aria (ends syllable)
[s]	s	ㄙ	see
[ʂ]	sh	ㄕ	sure
[d]	d	ㄉ	dog^{[അവലംബം ആവശ്യമാണ്]}
tʰ	t	ㄊ	tan
[tɕ]	j	ㄐ	itchy
tɕʰ	q	ㄑ	cheer
[ts]	z	ㄗ	cats
tsʰ	c	ㄘ	tsunami
[tʂ]	zh	ㄓ	pitcher
tʂʰ	ch	ㄔ	church
[w]	w-, -u-	ㄨ	water
[x]	h	ㄏ	house or loch
[ɥ]	yu-, -ü-^[1]	ㄩ	(simultaneous y and w)
[ʐ]	r-	ㄖ	Zsa Zsa (starts syllable)

Vowels
IPA	Pinyin	Bopomofo	English approximation
[a]	a (a, an)	ㄚ, ㄢ	Somewhat like car
aɪ	ai	ㄞ	time
[ɑ]	a (ang), e (er)	ㄤ, ㄦ	car
ɑʊ	ao	ㄠ	how
eɪ	ei^[2]	ㄟ	hey
[ɛ]	e (ye), a (yan, yuan)	ㄝ,ㄧㄢ , ㄩㄢ	yes
[œ]	e (yue)	ㄩㄝ	No English equivalent; Rounded [ɛ]
[ə]	e (en^[2], eng)	ㄣ, ㄥ	about
[ɤ]	e	ㄜ	Somewhat like hood
[i]	yi/-i (yi, yin, ying)	ㄧ	see
ɨ	i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) (buzzing)^[3]	ㄭ
oʊ	ou^[2]	ㄡ	hoe
[ɔ]	o (wo^[4])	ㄛ	war
[u]	wu/-u	ㄨ	woo
[ʊ]	o (ong)	ㄨㄥ	hood
[y]	yu/-ü^[1] (yu, yun)	ㄩ	Somewhat like cute
Nasal^[5]
ɑ̃	ang (angr)		No English equivalent; nasal [ɑ]
ə̃	eng (engr)		No English equivalent; nasal [ə]
ʊ̃	ong (ongr)		No English equivalent. Nasal [ʊ]

IPA	Pinyin	Description
Tones
ǎ ɤ̌	á, é	mid rising: ˧˥
â ɤ̂	à, è	high falling: ˥˩
á ɤ́	ā, ē	high: ˥
à, ɤ̀	ǎ, ě	medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧
a, ɤ	a, e	"toneless": low after a falling tone [â]; mid after all other tones

Notesതിരുത്തുക

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.
↑ Slightly "buzzing" vowels. In shi, zhi, chi, ri, the vowel is also retracted: [ɨ˞], rather like the ir in US English bird. These are sometimes transcribed as syllabic fricatives ([z̩], [ʐ̩]), but there is little frication.
↑ uo is spelled o when preceded by b, p, m or f; however, it is pronounced similarly.
↑ Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

[v-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ü ([y], [ɥ]) is spelled u after j, q, x as [u], [w] cannot occur after these consonants.

[short_form-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 wei, you, wen are spelled ui, iu, un respectively in pinyin, but pronounced identically, when preceded by a consonant.

[3] Slightly "buzzing" vowels. In shi, zhi, chi, ri, the vowel is also retracted: [ɨ˞], rather like the ir in US English bird. These are sometimes transcribed as syllabic fricatives ([z̩], [ʐ̩]), but there is little frication.

[4] uo is spelled o when preceded by b, p, m or f; however, it is pronounced similarly.

[5] Only occurs in erhua and generally not considered part of the main vowel inventory.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]