ഫലകം:IPAc2-mh/doc
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Three templates — Template:IPAc-mh, Template:IPAc1-mh and Template:IPAc2-mh — are used to produce a phonetic or phonemic representation (using the IPA system) of Marshallese words or sounds, using natural spelling to avoid the need to search for the correct phonetic symbols. The result is wikilinked to Wikipedia:IPA for Marshallese. Optionally, an audio file can also be specified.
Usage
തിരുത്തുകOf the three templates:
- Template:IPAc1-mh presents a morphophonemic IPA transcription without accounting for allophony. By default, this transcription is enclosed using /slashes/.
- Template:IPAc2-mh presents a more articulate IPA transcription where allophones may have different symbols. It is not as briefly morphophonemic, but may be easier to read. By default, this transcription is enclosed using [brackets].
- Template:IPAc-mh presents both IPA transcription schemes at once.
All three templates have exactly the same argument syntax, and are interchangeable. The code format is designed to accommodate the interests of both IPA transcription schemes. The number of parameters is always limited to 50.
Normal usage:
With an audio file:
- {{IPAc-mh|AUD|Mājro.ogg|m|yay|J|^yeh|r|how|ow}} produces [ലുവ പിഴവ് ഘടകം:IPAc2-mh-ൽ 186 വരിയിൽ : '//aud' contains unsupported characters: //u] Audio file "Mājro.ogg" not found
-->
To change the delimiters (for example, if several instances of the template need to be strung together because of the limit on the number of parameters):
- {{IPAc2-mh|[-|n|yuh|mh|huw|rw}} produces [ലുവ പിഴവ് ഘടകം:IPAc2-mh-ൽ 186 വരിയിൽ : '[-' contains unsupported characters: []
The full range of special values for the first parameter (changing the delimiters and/or specifying that the next parameter is an audio file) is as follows:
- -- [- -] // /- -/ AUD -]AUD //AUD -/AUD
Consonants
തിരുത്തുകSpellings similar to Marshallese orthography are used for consonants. Velarized consonants (with cedilla below) are joined with ‹h›, and labio-velarized consonants are joined with ‹w› instead of ‹h›. The velar nasal n̄ is represented with ‹ng›, or if labialized, ‹ngw›. The approximants are represented with ‹h w y›. Marshallese words must have a consonant at the beginning and the end of a word and between two vowels, even if it is an approximant not indicated in writing.
- b d j k kw l lh lw m mh n nh nw ng ngw p r rw t
Voiced obstruent allophones
തിരുത്തുകThe obstruents have voiced allophones word-internally when not geminated.
- B J K KW P T
Unreleased obstruent allophones
തിരുത്തുകWhen geminating an obstruent, use these codes for the unreleased first half of the cluster.
- b' j' k' kw' p' t'
Plain approximants
തിരുത്തുകThe articulation of the plain approximants varies depending on neighboring vowels, so there are a variety of symbols for them. See the vowels section to see the corresponding vowel codes.
- ha he ho hu wa we wo wu ya ye yo yu
These alternative codes are equivalent to those above.
- ah eh oh uh aw ew ow uw ay ey oy uy
Morphophonemic but not articulated
തിരുത്തുകWhen a consonant exists in the morphophonemic transcription but is not articulated in speech, use parentheses around the symbol in question.
- (b) (d) (j) (k) (kw) (l) (lh) (lw) (m) (mh) (n) (nh) (nw) (ng) (ngw) (p) (r) (rw) (t)
For unarticulated plain approximants, use these:
- (h) (w) (y)
Articulated but not morphophonemic
തിരുത്തുകWhen a morphophonemic consonant ends up being pronounced a different way. This can be used in combination with the above symbols.
- ^b ^d ^j ^k ^kw ^KW ^l ^lh ^lw ^m ^mh ^n ^nh ^nw ^ng ^ngw ^p ^r ^rw ^t
Vowels
തിരുത്തുകThese are the main vowel codes.
- hah haw hay wah waw way yah yaw yay
- heh hew hey weh wew wey yeh yew yey
- hoh how hoy woh wow woy yoh yow yoy
- huh huw huy wuh wuw wuy yuh yuw yuy
Each of these codes is structured with any combination of ‹h w y› on both sides, and any combination of ‹a e o u› as the middle letter.
The ‹h w y› components represent the secondary articulation of the consonant on each side of the vowel.
- For the consonants ‹d j l m n p y›, use ‹y›.
- For the consonants ‹b h k lh mh nh ng r t›, use ‹h›.
- For the consonants ‹kw lw nw ngw rw w›, use ‹w›.
The ‹a e o u› components only represent vowel height, regardless of backness or roundedness.
- ‹a› is the open vowel.
- ‹e› is the mid-open vowel.
- ‹o› is the mid-close vowel.
- ‹u› is the open vowel.
The letter ‹i› is not used in this system.
Asyllabic vowels
തിരുത്തുകWhen a vowel phoneme must be pronounced asyllabically, add an apostrophe after the code.
- hah' haw' hay' wah' waw' way' yah' yaw' yay'
- heh' hew' hey' weh' wew' wey' yeh' yew' yey'
- hoh' how' hoy' woh' wow' woy' yoh' yow' yoy'
- huh' huw' huy' wuh' wuw' wuy' yuh' yuw' yuy'
If the consonant neighboring either side of the asyllabic vowel is a plain approximant, replace each neighboring approximant with parenthetical versions.
- ‹ha ah he eh ho oh hu uh› should become ‹(h)›.
- ‹wa aw we ew wo ow wu uw› should become ‹(w)›.
- ‹ya ay ye ey yo oy yu uy› should become ‹(y)›.
Epenthetic vowels
തിരുത്തുകFor non-morphophonemic vowels that appear in articulation, prefix a vowel code with a carat.
- ^hah ^haw ^hay ^wah ^waw ^way ^yah ^yaw ^yay
- ^heh ^hew ^hey ^weh ^wew ^wey ^yeh ^yew ^yey
- ^hoh ^how ^hoy ^woh ^wow ^woy ^yoh ^yow ^yoy
- ^huh ^huw ^huy ^wuh ^wuw ^wuy ^yuh ^yuw ^yuy
Other
തിരുത്തുകThe following parameters have special meanings:
- _ (underscore) for a space between words
- - (dash) is just a dash.
- . (period) is just a syllable break.
The conversion system for the morphophonic transcription system is coded in Template:c1-mh. The conversion system for the articulate transcription system is coded in Template:c2-mh. Most codes are supported by both templates, but some codes will be ignored by one template or the other.
See also
തിരുത്തുക