വിക്കിപീഡിയ

ഫലകം:IPA

[തിരുത്തുക] [പുതുക്കുക] ഫലകത്തിന്റെ വിവരണം

Usage

തിരുത്തുക

Template:IPA is most useful when there are multiple instances of the IPA on a page. It contains

<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span>

I.e., it simply specifies CSS class IPA.

This allows fixing broken display of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) characters in MS Internet Explorer 6 for Windows, and choice of style in any browser.

The font declarations are in MediaWiki:Common.css. Registered Wikipedia users can specify their own style for IPA text by editing, for each project, their user style sheet, e.g. monobook.css. Users can also specify the style locally in their browser, which works across projects.

Example

തിരുത്തുക

Placing a phonetic rendering of the word characters in Template:IPA: 

{{IPA|/ˈkærəktɚz/}}

The result will be a span with a class attribute, like this: 

<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈkærəktɚz/</span>

Which appears in your browser as:

/ˈkærəktɚz/

Without template:IPA:

/ˈkærəktɚz/

[The last two should only look different if you are using Internet Explorer 6 or lower on Windows, or if you have a custom style defined for IPA text.]

Please place all IPA text into Template:IPA, even if it doesn't have any special IPA characters, like this: /mi/. This will allow users to format all examples of IPA text consistently, with their choice of fonts, colours, etc.

List of fonts

തിരുത്തുക

The following is a list of fonts that are specified using this template.

Choosing an IPA template

തിരുത്തുക

Usage of IPA pronunciation templates

തിരുത്തുക

Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.

IPA font

തിരുത്തുക

In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {{IPA}} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {{Contains special characters|IPA}}, though each token still requires the {{IPA}} template for proper formatting.

If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.

English words

തിരുത്തുക

For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use {{IPAc-en}}, which links to Help:IPA/English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English, and automates the conversion to IPA, so that {{IPAc-en|'|w|3:r|d}} appears as /ˈwɜːrd/. This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.

For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use {{IPA-endia}} or {{IPA-all}}.

Non-English words

തിരുത്തുക

For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:

  • {{IPA-all}}, appearing as: IPA: [word]. Or:
  • For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
    • {{IPA-fr|o}} → French pronunciation: ​[o]
  • Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|pron}} → pronounced [o]
  • Language name only:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|lang}} → French: [o]
  • "IPA" only:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|IPA}} → IPA: [o]
  • Link only:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|}} → [o]
  • Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|lang|Fr-eau.ogg}} → French: [o] ⓘ
  • For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
    • {{IPA-fr|o|-|Fr-eau.ogg}} → French pronunciation: [o] ⓘ

Supported languages and templates

തിരുത്തുക
Key Language Template(s)
Help:IPA/Adyghe Adyghe {{IPA-ady}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Afrikaans Afrikaans {{IPA-af}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Albanian Albanian {{IPA-sq}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Alemannic German Alemannic German {{IPA-gsw}} (uses)
Colonia Tovar dialect {{IPA-gct}} (uses)
Swabian German {{IPA-swg}} (uses)
Walser German {{IPA-wae}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Amharic Amharic {{IPA-am}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Arabic Arabic {{IPA-ar}} (uses), {{IPAc-ar}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Armenian Armenian {{IPA-hy}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Assamese Assamese {{IPA-as}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese Asturian {{IPA-ast}} (uses)
Extremaduran {{IPA-ext}} (uses)
Leonese {{IPA-le}} (uses)
Mirandese {{IPA-mwl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Australian languages Australian Aboriginal languages {{IPA-aus}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Azerbaijani Azerbaijani {{IPA-az}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Basque Basque {{IPA-eu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Belarusian Belarusian {{IPA-be}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Bengali Bengali {{IPA-bn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Berber Berber {{IPA-ber}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Breton Breton {{IPA-br}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Bulgarian Bulgarian {{IPA-bg}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Burmese Burmese {{IPA-my}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Cantonese Cantonese {{IPA-yue}} (uses), {{IPAc-yue}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Catalan Catalan {{IPA-ca}} (uses)
Valencian {{IPA-va}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Colognian Colognian {{IPA-ksh}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Corsican Corsican {{IPA-co}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Czech Czech {{IPA-cs}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Danish Danish {{IPA-da}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Dutch Dutch {{IPA-nl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic Egyptian Arabic {{IPA-arz}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol Emilian {{IPA-egl}} (uses)
Romagnol {{IPA-rgn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/English English {{IPAc-en}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Esperanto Esperanto {{IPA-eo}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Estonian Estonian {{IPA-et}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Fijian Fijian {{IPA-fj}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Finnish Finnish {{IPA-fi}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal Franco-Provençal {{IPA-frp}} (uses)
Help:IPA/French French {{IPA-fr}} (uses), {{IPAc-fr}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Galician Galician {{IPA-gl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Georgian Georgian {{IPA-ka}} (uses), {{IPAc-ka}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Greek Greek {{IPA-el}} (uses), {{IPA-grc}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Gujarati Gujarati {{IPA-gu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Haitian Creole Haitian Creole {{IPA-ht}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hawaiian Hawaiian {{IPA-haw}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hebrew Hebrew {{IPA-he}} (uses), {{IPAc-he}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic Hejazi Arabic {{IPA-acw}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu Hindustani {{IPA-hns}} (uses)
Hindi {{IPA-hi}} (uses)
Urdu {{IPA-ur}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hmong Hmong {{IPA-hmn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Hungarian Hungarian {{IPA-hu}} (uses), {{IPAc-hu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Icelandic Icelandic {{IPA-is}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Igbo Igbo {{IPA-ig}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Insular Catalan Insular Catalan {{IPA-cadia}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Inuktitut Inuktitut {{IPA-iu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Inupiaq Inupiaq {{IPA-ik}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Irish Irish {{IPA-ga}} (uses), {{IPAc-ga}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Italian Italian {{IPA-it}} (uses), {{IPAc-it}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Italian dialects Italian dialects {{IPA-itdia}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Japanese Japanese {{IPA-ja}} (uses), {{IPAc-ja}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Kazakh Kazakh {{IPA-kk}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Khmer Khmer {{IPA-km}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Korean Korean {{IPA-ko}} (uses), {{IPAc-ko}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Kurdish Kurdish {{IPA-ku}} (uses)
Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) {{IPA-kmr}} (uses)
Sorani (Central Kurdish) {{IPA-ckb}} (uses)
Southern Kurdish {{IPA-sdh}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Kyrgyz Kyrgyz {{IPA-ky}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Lakota Lakota {{IPA-lkt}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Lao Lao {{IPA-lo}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Latin Latin {{IPA-la}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Latvian Latvian {{IPA-lv}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic Lebanese Arabic {{IPA-apc-LB}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Ligurian Ligurian {{IPA-lij}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Lithuanian Lithuanian {{IPA-lt}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Lombard Lombard {{IPA-lmo}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Luxembourgish Luxembourgish {{IPA-lb}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Macedonian Macedonian {{IPA-mk}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Malagasy Malagasy {{IPA-mg}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Malay Malay {{IPA-ms}} (uses)
Indonesian {{IPA-id}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Malayalam Malayalam {{IPA-ml}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Maltese Maltese {{IPA-mt}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Mandarin Standard Chinese {{IPA-cmn}} (uses), {{IPAc-cmn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Manx Manx {{IPA-gv}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Maithili Maithili {{IPA-mai}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Māori Māori {{IPA-mi}} (uses), {{IPAc-mi}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Marathi Marathi {{IPA-mr}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Marshallese Marshallese {{IPA-mh}} (uses), {{IPAc-mh}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole Mauritian Creole {{IPA-mfe}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Mayan Mayan {{IPA-myn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Mongolian Mongolian {{IPA-mn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Nahuatl Nahuatl {{IPA-nah}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Navajo Navajo {{IPA-nv}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Neapolitan Neapolitan {{IPA-nap}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Nepali Nepali {{IPA-ne}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Nguni Swazi {{IPA-ss}} (uses)
Xhosa {{IPA-xh}} (uses)
Zulu {{IPA-zu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Northern Thai Northern Thai {{IPA-nod}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Norwegian Norwegian {{IPA-no}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Occitan Occitan {{IPA-oc}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Odia Odia {{IPA-or}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Old English Old English {{IPA-ang}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Persian Persian {{IPA-fa}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Piedmontese Piedmontese {{IPA-pms}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Polish Polish {{IPA-pl}} (uses), {{IPAc-pl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Portuguese Portuguese {{IPA-pt}} (uses), {{IPAc-pt}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Punjabi Punjabi {{IPA-pa}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Quechua Quechua {{IPA-qu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Romanian Romanian {{IPA-ro}} (uses), {{IPAc-ro}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Romansh Romansh {{IPA-rm}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Russian Russian {{IPA-ru}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Sanskrit Sanskrit {{IPA-sa}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Sardinian Sardinian {{IPA-sc}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic {{IPA-gd}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian {{IPA-sh}} (uses)
Croatian {{IPA-hr}} (uses)
Serbian {{IPA-sr}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue Shan {{IPA-shn}} (uses)
Tai Lue {{IPA-khb}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Sicilian Sicilian {{IPA-scn}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Slovak Slovak {{IPA-sk}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Slovene Slovene {{IPA-sl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Spanish Spanish {{IPA-es}} (uses), {{IPAc-es}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Standard German German {{IPA-de}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Swahili Swahili {{IPA-sw}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Swedish Swedish {{IPA-sv}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Sylheti Sylheti {{IPA-syl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tagalog Tagalog {{IPA-tl}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien Taiwanese Hokkien {{IPA-taiwan}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tamil Tamil {{IPA-ta}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tatar Tatar {{IPA-tt}} (uses), {{IPA-crh}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Telugu Telugu {{IPA-te}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Thai Thai {{IPA-th}} (uses), {{IPA-sou}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tibetan Tibetan {{IPA-bo}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tigrinya Tigrinya {{IPA-ti}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic Tunisian Arabic {{IPA-aeb}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Turkish Turkish {{IPA-tr}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Turkmen Turkmen {{IPA-tk}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Ukrainian Ukrainian {{IPA-uk}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Uzbek Uzbek {{IPA-uz}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Venetian Venetian {{IPA-vec}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Vietnamese Vietnamese {{IPA-vi}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Walloon Walloon {{IPA-wa}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Welsh Welsh {{IPA-cy}} (uses)
Help:IPA/West Frisian West Frisian {{IPA-fy}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Wu Chinese Wu Chinese {{IPA-wuu}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Yiddish Yiddish {{IPA-yi}} (uses)
Help:IPA/Yoruba Yoruba {{IPA-yo}} (uses)

Languages without dedicated keys

തിരുത്തുക

Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use {{IPA-jv|word}} for Javanese, but for the moment it will link to Help:IPA, producing Javanese pronunciation: [word].

Languages and language extensions (IPA-xx) with links to Help:IPA

Conversion to IPA

തിരുത്തുക

The template {{x2i}} takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.

Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:

Language Template Code example Result
Arabic {{IPAc-ar}} (uses) {{IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}} [ʔalluɣat‿alʕarabijja]
Cantonese {{IPAc-yue}} (uses) {{IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}} [hǒŋ.tsǐː]
English {{IPAc-en}} (uses) {{IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}} /ˌæləˈbæmə/
French {{IPAc-fr}} (uses) {{IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}} [ʒə sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃]
Georgian {{IPAc-ka}} (uses) {{IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}} [d͡zɑlɑ ɛrtʰɔbɑʃiɑ]
Hebrew {{IPAc-he}} (uses) {{IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}} [jaʕakov]
Hungarian {{IPAc-hu}} (uses) {{IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}} [ˈmɒɟɒr]
Irish {{IPAc-ga}} (uses) {{IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}} [ˈbˠalʲə ˈaːhə ˈclʲiəh]
Italian {{IPAc-it}} (uses) {{IPAc-it|'|i|:|o|_|'|s|o|:|n|o|_|a|m|e|r|i|'|c|a|:|n|o}} [ˈiːo ˈsoːno ameriˈkaːno]
Japanese {{IPAc-ja}} (uses) {{IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}} [kɯɾoɕio]
Korean {{IPAc-ko}} (uses) {{IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}} [haːŋəː]
Mandarin {{IPAc-cmn}} (uses) {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} [ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]
Māori {{IPAc-mi}} (uses) {{IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}} [ŋaːɾʉaˈwaːhia]
Marshallese {{IPAc2-mh}} (uses) {{IPAc2-mh|mhahjelh}} [mˠɑːzʲɛlˠ]
Polish {{IPAc-pl}} (uses) {{IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}} [ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin]
Portuguese {{IPAc-pt}} (uses) {{IPAc-pt|p|o|<|r|t|u|'|g|a|l|lang=pt}} and {{IPAc-pt|b|r|a|'|S|i|l|lang=br}} [puɾtuˈɣaɫ] and [bɾaˈziw]
Romanian {{IPAc-ro}} (uses) {{IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|U|l|U|i}} [ˈmuntsij fəɡəˈraʃului]
Spanish {{IPAc-es}} (uses) {{IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}} [miˈɣel ðe θeɾˈβantes saːˈβeðɾa]

The following templates have also been created, but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not work properly:

See also

തിരുത്തുക
"https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ഫലകം:IPA&oldid=4004416" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്