ഫലകം:Harvard reference

The Harvard reference template is a versatile template for citing books, periodicals, chapters in compilations, and web-sites. It follows the Harvard referencing style, and it has a special "linking functionality" that allows inline harvard citations to link to the reference via the Template:Harvard citation template. As the Harvard referencing style is an "surname-year" format, the only mandatory parameters are last (or surname) and year. You may include as many authors or editors as necessary (via the last1, editor-last3, etc. tags), although only three of each will display.

The template knows whether you are citing a book, periodical, or a chapter in a compilation. The citation will be formatted as a periodical if you include a periodical or journal parameter. The citation will be formatted as a chapter or compilation in a larger book if you use the chapter or contribution parameter. In all other cases, the citation will have a standard format appropriate for books, web pages, and anything with an author, a year, and optionally a title.

Citation of books

{{Harvard reference
 | last=
 | first=
 | authorlink=
 | year=
 | date=
 | title=
 | place=
 | publisher=
 | edition=
 | volume=
 | id=
 | url=
 | access-date=
}}

Parameters

• last (required): The author's surname or last name. (This parameter may also be called surname, surname1, author, or author1).
  • first (optional): The author's first or given name(s). In formal Harvard style references, this should include only the initials. (This parameter may also be called given).
• authorlink (optional): Title of a Wikipedia article about author. Article must already exist.
• year (required): Year of publication.
  • date (optional): While the year) tag is mandatory, use of the date parameter will override how the date is displayed in the reference.
• title (optional): Title of the book.
• edition (optional): Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd.
• volume (optional): The volume number of a multi-volume book.
• place (optional): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: Place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
• publisher (optional): The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
• id (optional): Identifier such as ISBN 1-111-22222-9
  • isbn (optional): Use this parameter if the book has an ISBN.
• url (optional): An url of an online location where the book can be found.
  • access-date (optional): If an url is included, the date on which the url was last accessed.

Examples

One author

{{ Harvard reference
 | surname=Turner
 | given=O.
 | title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
 | publisher=William Alling
 | place=[[Rochester, New York]]
 | year=1851
 | url=http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
 }}.

Result: Turner, O. (1851), written at Rochester, New York, History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve, William Alling, <http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851>.

Three authors, a volume, and an edition

{{Harvard reference
 | surname1=Lincoln
 | given1=A.
 | surname2=Washington
 | given2=G.
 | surname3=Adams
 | given3=J.
 | title=All the Presidents' Names
 | publisher=The Pentagon
 | place=Home Base, New York
 | volume=XII
 | edition=2nd
 | year=2007
}}.

Result: Lincoln, A.; G. Washington & J. Adams (2007), written at Home Base, New York, All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), The Pentagon.

Minimal reference

{{Harvard reference
 | last=Jones
 | year=2006
 }}.

Result: Jones (2006).

Citation of periodicals

{{Harvard reference
 | last=
 | first=
 | authorlink=
 | year=
 | title=
 | periodical=
 | volume=
 | issue=
 | pages=
 | url=
 | access-date=
}}

Parameters

• last (required): The author's surname or last name. (This parameter may also be called surname, surname1, author, or author1).
  • first (optional): The author's first or given name(s). In formal Harvard style references, this should include only the initials. (This parameter may also be called given).
• authorlink (optional): Title of a Wikipedia article about author. Article must already exist.
• year (required): Year of publication.
  • date (optional): While the year) tag is mandatory, use of the date parameter will override how the date is displayed in the reference. If the periodical is a newspaper or a magazine with a particular date, this tag should always be used.
• title (optional): Title of the article.
• periodical (optional): Name of the journal or periodical. (This parameter may also be called journal, newspaper, or magazine).
• volume (optional): The volume number of the journal.
• issue (optional): The issue number of the journal. (This parameter may also be called number).
• pages (optional): The pages in the issue where the article may be found. (If the article is on only one page, use the parameter page instead).
• url (optional): An url of an online location where the article can be found.
  • access-date (optional): The date on which the url was last accessed.

Journal article

{{Harvard reference
 | last=Hill
 | first=Marvin S.
 | title=Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties
 | journal=BYU Studies
 | volume=12
 | issue=2
 | year=1976
 | pages=1–8
 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
 }}.

Result: Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8, <https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf>.

Newspaper article

{{Harvard reference
 | last=Smith
 | first=Joseph III
 | authorlink=Joseph Smith III
 | title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma
 | newspaper=The Saints' Herald
 | volume=26
 | issue=19
 | date=[[October 1]], [[1879]]
 | year=1879
 | month=October
 | page=289
 | url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
 }}.

Result: Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald 26 (19): 289, <http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179>.

Citation of chapers or contributions in a larger work

{{Harvard reference
 | last=
 | first=
 | authorlink=
 | year=
 | chapter=
 | editor-last=
 | editor-first=
 | editorlink=
 | title=
 | edition=
 | place=
 | publisher=
 | publication-year=
 | volume=
 | pages=
 | id=
 | url=
 | access-date=
}}

Parameters

• surname (required): The author's surname or last name. (This parameter may also be called last).
  • given (optional): The author's first or given name. In formal Harvard style references, this should include only the initials. (This parameter may also be called first).
  • author (optional): While the surname (or last) tag is mandatory for referencing purposes, use of the Author parameter will override how the author's name is displayed in the reference.
• authorlink (optional): Title of a Wikipedia article about author. Article must already exist.
• year (required): Year of publication.
  • date (optional): While the year) tag is mandatory, use of the date parameter will override how the date is displayed in the reference.
• chapter (required for chapters): Title of the contribution in the book. (This parameter may also be called Contribution).
• editor (optional): Name of the editor or editors.
• title (required for chapters): Title of the book.
• edition (optional): Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: Edition=2nd.
• place (optional): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: Place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
• publisher (optional): The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
• pages (optional): The pages in the book where the chapter or contribution may be found. (If the contribution is on only one page, use the parameter Page instead).
• id (optional): Identifier such as ISBN 1-111-22222-9
  • isbn (optional): Use this parameter if the book has an ISBN.
• url (optional): An url of an online location where the book can be found.
• access-date (optional): The date on which the url was last accessed.

Work included in a compilation

{{Harvard reference
 | last=Bidamon
 | first=Emma Smith
 | authorlink=Emma Hale Smith
 | chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
 | date=[[March 27]] [[1876]]
 | year=1876
 | editor-surname=Vogel
 | editor-first=Dan
 | title=Early Mormon Documents
 | volume=1
 | publisher=Signature Books
 | publication-year=1996
 | isbn=1-56085-072-8
 }}.

Result: Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, 1996, ISBN 1-56085-072-8.

Untitled work quoted or included in a journal article

{{Harvard reference
 | last=Knight
 | first=Joseph, Sr.
 | year=1833
 | editor-last=Jessee
 | editor-first=Dean
 | title=Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History
 | journal=BYU Studies
 | volume=17
 | issue=1
 | publication-year=1976
 | page=35
 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
 }}.

Result: Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean, ed., "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", BYU Studies 17 (1): 35, 1976, <https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf>.

Multiple authors and multiple editors

{{Harvard reference
 | last1=Schmidt
 | first1=J.
 | last2=Piper
 | first2=P.
 | chapter=Letter to Home
 | date=[[March 27]] [[1996]]
 | year=2006
 | editor1-last=Grimm
 | editor1-first=P.
 | editor2-last=Bob
 | editor2-first=T.
 | title=Jonesing for Jones
 | volume=12
 | place=New York
 | publisher=Fred Books
 | publication-year=2006
 | isbn=1-55555-555-5
 }}.

Result: Schmidt, J. & P. Piper (March 27 1996), "Letter to Home", written at New York, in Grimm, P. & T. Bob, Bookskrieg Bliss, vol. 12, Aunt Jemima Books, 2006, ISBN 1-55555-555-5.

Citation examples

These examples of citation within the text are based on related citation template Template:Harvard citation, which automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page:

Markup in main text:

• {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10-11}} (full cite format)
• {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} (short format)
• {{Harv|Jones|2006|loc=section 5|Ref=none}} (non-linking)
• {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88-89}} (multi-author)

Results:

• (Turner 1851, pp. 10–11)
• (Smith 1879, p. 289)
• (Jones 2006, section 5)
• (Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007, pp. 88–89)

Notes

• Because the Harvard referencing style is based on Surname and Year, these items are mandatory in both the citation and the reference.
• If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively.
• Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book and Template:Cite journal.

See also

• Wikipedia:Cite sources: Style guide
• Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Generic citations: Related templates