"ഇസ്ലാമിക ജ്യോതിശാസ്ത്രം" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

<blockquote>"An eclipse is a phenomenon of nature. It is foolish to attribute such things to the death or birth of a human being."</blockquote>

 

There are several rules in Islam which lead Muslims to use better astronomical calculations and [[observation]]s.

 

Predicting just when the crescent moon would become visible is a special challenge to Islamic mathematical astronomers. Although [[Ptolemy]]'s theory of the complex lunar motion was tolerably accurate near the time of the new moon, it specified the moon's path only with respect to the [[ecliptic]]. To predict the first visibility of the moon, it was necessary to describe its motion with respect to the [[horizon]], and this problem demands fairly sophisticated [[spherical geometry]]. Finding the direction of [[Mecca]] and the time of [[Salah]] are the reasons which led to Muslims developing spherical geometry. Solving any of these problems involves finding the unknown sides or angles of a triangle on the [[celestial sphere]] from the known sides and angles. A way of finding the time of day, for example, is to construct a triangle whose [[Vertex (geometry)|vertices]] are the [[zenith]], the north [[celestial pole]], and the sun's position. The observer must know the altitude of the sun and that of the pole; the former can be observed, and the latter is equal to the observer's [[latitude]]. The time is then given by the angle at the intersection of the [[Meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] (the [[Arc (geometry)|arc]] through the zenith and the pole) and the sun's hour circle (the arc through the sun and the pole).<ref name=Gingerich/><ref name=Tabatabai/>

 

[[Pre-Islamic Arabia]]n knowledge of [[star]]s was [[empirical]]; their knowledge was what they observed regarding the rising and setting of stars. The rise of [[Islam]] is claimed to have provoked increased [[Arab]] thought in this field.<ref name=Dallal162>{{Harv|Dallal|1999|p=162}}</ref> The foundations of Islamic astronomy closely parallels the genesis of other Islamic sciences in its assimilation of foreign material and the amalgamation of the disparate elements of that material to create a science that was essentially Islamic. These include [[Indian astronomy|Indian]], [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid]] and [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] works which were [[translation|translated]] and built upon.