"മുഹമ്മദിനെതിരായ വിമർശനങ്ങൾ" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

ദിവ്യാത്ഭുതങ്ങൾ കാണിക്കാതെ മുഹമ്മദ് അന്ത്യപ്രവാചകനാണെന്ന് അവകാശപ്പെട്ടത് വ്യാജമാണെന്ന് ജൂതന്മാർ വാദിച്ചു. അവർ മുഹമ്മദിനെ എബ്രായ (ഹീബ്രു) ഭാഷയിൽ "ഹ-മെഷുഗ" (Hebrew: מְשֻׁגָּע‬‎, "the Madman", "ഭ്രാന്തൻ") എന്ന് നിന്ദ്യമായി വിളിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി<ref name="Stillman">{{cite book|author=[[Norman Stillman|Norman A. Stillman]]|title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA236|year=1979|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|isbn=978-0827601987|page=236}}</ref><ref>[[Ibn Warraq]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M8o6UZ37ppUC&pg=PA255#v=onepage&q&f=false Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism]'', p. 255.</ref><ref>Andrew G. Bostom, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vjFNPT52XjUC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History]'', p. 21.</ref><ref name="JE2" />.

===ക്രിസ്തീയ വിമർശനങ്ങൾ===

ക്രൈസ്തവലോകമാണ് മുഹമ്മദിനെതിരെയുള്ള പ്രചാരണങ്ങൾക്ക് സംഘടിതരൂപം നൽകിയത്. മധ്യകാലഘട്ടം തുടങ്ങി കുരിശുയുദ്ധങ്ങളിലൂടെ<ref>{{Cite book| last=Armstrong | first=Karen | title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet | publisher=HarperSanFrancisco | year=1993 | isbn=0-06-250886-5 | page=165}}</ref> കടന്ന് ഓറിയന്റലിസം<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/islam-through-western-eyes?page=full|title=Islam Through Western Eyes|author=Edward W. Said|date=2 January 1998|work=The Nation}}</ref> എന്ന ശാഖ തന്നെ വിമർശനങ്ങൾക്കായി രൂപംകൊണ്ടു. മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ വ്യക്തിത്വത്തെ ആകമിക്കുന്നതായിരുന്നു ഇതിന്റെ പൊതുരീതി<ref name="Quinn2008">{{cite book |last=Quinn |first=Frederick |date=2008 |title=The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter=The Prophet as Antichrist and Arab Lucifer (Early Times to 1600) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAF5py-2Oi0C&pg=PA17 |pages=17–54 |isbn=978-0195325638}}</ref><ref name="Goddard2000">{{cite book |last=Goddard |first=Hugh |date=2000 |title=A History of Christian-Muslim Relations |location=[[Edinburgh]] |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |chapter=The First Age of Christian-Muslim Interaction (c. 830/215) |pages=34–49 |isbn=978-1-56663-340-6}}</ref><ref name="Curtis2009">{{Cquote|Criticism by Christians [...] was voiced soon after the advent of Islam starting with [[St. John of Damascus]] in the late seventh century, who wrote of "the [[False prophet#Christianity|false prophet]]", Muhammad. Rivalry, and often enmity, continued between the [[Christendom|European Christian world]] and the [[Muslim world#History|Islamic world]] [...]. For [[Christian theology|Christian theologians]], the "Other" was the infidel, the Muslim. [...] Theological disputes in [[Baghdad]] and [[Damascus]], in the eighth to the tenth century, and in [[Andalusia]] up to the fourteenth century led [[Orthodox Church|Christian Orthodox]] and [[Church in the Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] theologians and [[Byzantine emperor|rulers]] to continue seeing Islam as a threat. In the twelfth century, [[Peter the Venerable]] [...] who had the [[Quran|Koran]] translated into [[Latin language|Latin]], regarded Islam as a Christian heresy and Muhammad as a sexually self-indulgent and a murderer. [...] However, he called for the [[Conversion to Christianity|conversion]], not the extermination, of Muslims. A century later, [[St. Thomas Aquinas]] in ''[[Summa contra Gentiles]]'' accused Muhammad of seducing people by promises of carnal pleasure, uttering truths mingled with many fables and announcing utterly false decisions that had no divine inspiration. Those who followed Muhammad were regarded by Aquinas as brutal, ignorant "beast-like men" and desert wanderers. Through them Muhammad, who asserted he was "sent in the power of arms", forced others to become followers by violence and armed power.|author=Michael Curtis|source=''[https://books.google.it/books?id=liJ_KxAMIJgC&pg=PA31 Orientalism and Islam: European Thinkers on Oriental Despotism in the Middle East and India]'' (2009), p. 31, [[Cambridge University Press]], [[New York City|New York]], {{ISBN|978-0521767255}}.}}</ref><ref name="John of Damascus">[[John of Damascus]], ''De Haeresibus''. See [[Migne]], ''[[Patrologia Graeca]]'', Vol. 94, 1864, cols 763–73. An English translation by the Reverend John W. Voorhis appeared in ''The Moslem World'', October 1954, pp. 392–98.</ref><ref name="Quinn2008" /><ref name="Curtis2009" />. നിന്ദ്യനായ മനുഷ്യൻ,<ref name="Quinn2008" /><ref name="Curtis2009" /> വ്യാജപ്രവാചകൻ, <ref name="Quinn2008" /><ref name="Goddard2000" /><ref name="Curtis2009" /> [[അന്തിക്രിസ്തു]], <ref name="Quinn2008" /><ref name="Goddard2000" /> മതഭ്രാന്തൻ <ref name="Buhl1993">{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Buhl |first1=F. |last2=Ehlert |first2=Trude |last3=Noth |first3=A. |last4=Schimmel |first4=Annemarie |last5=Welch |first5=A. T. |title=Muḥammad |origyear=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |volume=7 |edition=2nd |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=360–376 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0780 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref><ref name="Quinn2008" /><ref name="Goddard2000" /><ref name="Curtis2009" /> പിശാച് <ref name="Buhl1993" /><ref name="Curtis2009" /> തുടങ്ങിയ വിശേഷണങ്ങൾ ക്രൈസ്തവപണ്ഡിതർ മുഹമ്മദിന് നൽകി. കൂട്ടത്തിൽ ചിലർ മരണശേഷം സുഖജീവിതം ലഭിക്കുമെന്ന മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ വാഗ്ദാനങ്ങളെ വിമർശിച്ചുവന്നു<ref name="Curtis2009" />.

===ഹൈന്ദവ വിമർശനങ്ങൾ===

മുഹമ്മദിന്റെ മതഭ്രാന്ത് മൂലം എല്ലാ രാജ്യങ്ങളും നശിപ്പിക്കപ്പെടുകയും, ദശലക്ഷക്കണക്കിന് ആളുകൾ കൊല്ലപ്പെടുകയും ചെയ്തതിലൂടെ വലിയ തിന്മയാണ് ലോകത്തു സംഭവിച്ചതെന്ന് [[സ്വാമി വിവേകാനന്ദൻ]] വിമർശിച്ചു.<ref>Vivekananda, Swami (1997). Vedanta Philosophy: Lectures by the Swami Vivekananda on Raja Yoga Also Pantanjali's Yoga Aphorisms, with Commentaries, and Glossary of Sanskrit Terms (Reprint ed.). Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-1564597977.</ref> <ref>Swami Vivekananda on Muhammad, Swami Vivekananda Complete works : Volume 1 : Raja Yoga, The Yogi says there is a great danger in stumbling upon this state. In a good many cases there is the danger of the brain being deranged, and, as a rule, you will find that all those men, however great they were, who had stumbled upon this super conscious state without understanding it, groped in the dark, and generally had, along with their knowledge, some quaint superstition. They opened themselves to hallucinations. Mohammed claimed that the Angel Gabriel came to him in a cave one day and took him on the heavenly horse, Harak, and he visited the heavens. But with all that, Mohammed spoke some wonderful truths. If you read the Koran, you find the most wonderful truths mixed with superstitions. How will you explain it? That man was inspired, no doubt, but that inspiration was, as it were, stumbled upon. He was not a trained Yogi, and did not know the reason of what he was doing. Think of the good Mohammed did to the world, and think of the great evil that has been done through his fanaticism! Think of the millions massacred through his teachings, mothers bereft of their children, children made orphans, whole countries destroyed, millions upon millions of people killed!

So we see this danger by studying the lives of great teachers like Mohammed and others. Yet we find, at the same time, that they were all inspired. Whenever a prophet got into the superconscious state by heightening his emotional nature, he brought away from it not only some truths, but some fanaticism also, some superstition which injured the world as much as the greatness of the teaching helped.</ref>

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