"സഹായം:Footnotes" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

(ചെ.) en:Help:Footnotes എന്നതിൽ നിന്ന് ഒരു പതിപ്പ് ഇറക്കുമതി ചെയ്തു
Undid revision 928781855 by 2001:D08:1030:58E9:14C1:2964:7C85:A1D0 (talk)
വരി 1:
{{short description|Wikipedia help article}}
{{For|the official guideline on citing sources|Wikipedia:Citing sources}}
{{For|help with citation templates|Help:Citation Style 1}}
{{Redirect|WP:FN|the fringe theories noticeboard|Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Noticeboard}}
{{Redirect|WP:NOTES|hatnotes|Wikipedia:Hatnotes|Musical notes|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music#Images and notation}}
{{Wikipedia how to|H:FOOT|WP:FOOTNOTES|WP:FN}}
 
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{{VE documentation|style=width: 25%; font-size: 87%; float:right}}<!--This is because the visual editor is even more limited than the standard Wikitext editor-->
The Footnotes system shows two elements on the page:
* A '''Footnote marker''' is displayed in the article's content as a bracketed, superscripted number, letter, or word. Examples shown respectively are: {{dummy ref}}{{dummy ref|a}}{{dummy ref|Note 1}}. This footnote label is linked to the full footnote. Clicking on the footnote marker jumps the page down to the footnote and highlights the citation. Hovering If you are using the desktop site and have Javascript enabled, then hovering your cursor over a footnote marker will,(or touching dependingit on thetouch user'sdevices) settings,will show a pop-up box containing the footnote.
* A '''Footnote''' displays the full citation for the source. Together the footnotes are displayed in an ordered list wherever the reference list markup {{tl|reflist}} is placed. Each entry begins with the footnote label in plain text. The entire reference list is formatted in a slightly smaller font.
 
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:If a named footnote is used in the text multiple times, then the footnote has multiple backlinks shown as letters:
{{dummy footnote|2|a b c|margin=5em}}
:Clicking on the backlink or pressing backspace {{keypress|Alt|←}} returns to the footnote marker.
 
===Footnotes in action===
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{{Shortcut|WP:REFNAME|WP:NAMEDREFS}}
{{Anchor|Reference name (naming a ref tag so it can be used more than once)}}
{{Anchor|WP:NAMEDREF}} <!-- from WP:NAMEDREFS redirect -->
{{See also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citing multiple pages of the same source}}
You can cite the same source more than once on a page by using named footnotes. The syntax to define a named footnote is:
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When using both names and [[#Footnotes:_groups|groups]], the syntax is:
:{{tag|ref|params=namegroup=<var>namegroupname</var> groupname=<var>groupnamename</var>|content=Content}}
Care should be taken when deleting references to avoid creating a cite error. See [[Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes#Deleting...|Avoiding common mistakes]]
 
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When using {{tl|reflist}}, the list can be split into columns.
:{{tlx|reflist|<var>xx</var>em}} where <var>xx</var> is the column width in [[em (typography)|em]].
By setting the width in em, the number of columns will automatically be adjusted to the width of the display. It should be used only when necessary, as the template has built-in auto-formatting capabilities providing a useful display in most scenarios by itself.
 
The [[Template:Reflist#Columns|set columns feature]] is now [[deprecated]] in favor of the option described above, which is better suited to flexible formatting for a variety of display screen sizes, ranging from mobile phones and tablets to wide-screen "cinema" displays. Forcing a fixed number of columns has been disabled in mobile view.
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{{shortcut|WP:LDR}}
{{main|Help:List-defined references}}
Some or all of the footnotes can also be defined within the reference section/list, and invoked in the page content. This keeps those citations in one central location for easier maintenance and avoids cluttering the text (and any infobox). This is purely a source code change{{snd}}the actual display of the citation in the text to a reader is unaffected. For a more detailed evaluation of this method, see [[WP:LDRHOW]]. The syntax is:
 
<source lang="xml">
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{{See also|WP:Nesting footnotes}}
 
[[Help:Explanatory notes|Explanatory notes]] may need to be referenced. Because of limitations in the {{cite.php}} software, reference tags cannot be nested; that is, a set of {{tag|ref}} tags cannot be placed inside another pair of {{tag|ref}} tags. Attempting to do so will result in a cite error.
 
The template {{tl|refn}} may be used to nest references. The markup is:
 
:{{tlx|refn|2=namegroup=namegroup|3=groupname=groupname|4=content}} where ''name'' and ''group'' arebeing optional parameters.{{huh}} The content may include {{tag|ref|o}} tags.
 
The other templates listed below in [[#Footnotes: predefined groups|Predefined groups]] are variants of {{tl|refn}} that include a styled group and have a matching styled reference list template.
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The use of the magic word <code>#tag:ref</code> is valid, but the sequence of parameters is invariant and nonintuitive. {{tl|refn}} and its variants use this markup internally.
 
:<code>&#123;&#123;#tag:ref|<var>refcontent</var>|namegroup=<var>namegroupname</var>|groupname=<var>groupnamename</var>}}</code>
{{anchor|Grouping footnotes}}
 
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When using both names and [[#Footnotes:_groups|groups]], the syntax is:
 
:{{tag|ref|params=namegroup=<var>namegroupname</var> groupname=<var>groupnamename</var>|content=Content}}
 
For the repeated note:
 
:{{tag|ref|s|params=namegroup=<var>namegroupname</var> groupname=<var>groupnamename</var>}}
 
==Footnotes: predefined groups==
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| ''none'' || {{tlx|refn}} (for nested references)
|-
| lower-alpha || {{tlx|efn}}<br />{{tlx|efn-la}} || {{tlx|notelist}}<br />{{tlx|notelist-la}} || a b c d e f g h i j
|-
| upper-alpha || {{tlx|efn-ua}} || {{tlx|notelist-ua}} || A B C D E F G H I J
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* The entries in the reference list will have no styling if:
** A reference is included in {{tlx|navbox}} or one of the variants and the style is set to <code>bodyclass=hlist</code>; to resolve this, replace the style with <code>listclass=hlist</code>.<section end=pregroup />
* If the note text contains an "=" sign, precede the note text with {{para|1}}, like this: <code><nowiki>{{efn|name=fn1|1=Very long footnote with an equation, 2+2=4}}</nowiki></code>
 
==Reference lists: automatically generated==
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{{markup
|<nowiki>Schudson isbnsaid the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book |last=Schudson |first=Michael |title=The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life |publisher=Simon & Schuster |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-684-82729-8 }}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}</nowiki>
|<nowiki>Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book
|Schudson isbnsaid the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book |last=Schudson |first=Michael |title=The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life |publisher=Simon & Schuster |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-684-82729-8}}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}
| last = Schudson
| first = Michael
| title = The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life
| publisher = Simon & Schuster
| date = 1998
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ
| isbn =0-684-82729-8 }}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}</nowiki>
|Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book
| last = Schudson
| first = Michael
| title = The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life
| publisher = Simon & Schuster
| date = 1998
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ
| isbn =0-684-82729-8}}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}
{{fake heading|sub=3|References}}
{{reflist}}
}}
 
{{tlx|r}} compactly combines the functions of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> and {{t|rp}}: <code><nowiki>{{r|Schudson}}</nowiki></code> is equivalent to <code><nowiki><ref name="Schudson"/></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{r|Schudson|p=241}}</nowiki></code> is equivalent to <code><nowiki><ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}</nowiki></code>.
When using [[#WP:LDR|list-defined references]], {{tlx|r}} can be used for the same style of in-text page references.
 
==Previewing edits==
When you [[Help:Section#Section editing|edit a single section]] of a page, the footnotes list will be visible when you [[Help:Show preview|preview your edits]] under the heading "Preview of references", although you will still not be able to see named references thatwhose weredefinition definedis inoutside otherthe sectionssection you are editing.
 
Tools that can be used are the [[user:js/ajaxPreview]] or [[User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js]] scripts or the [[User:Cacycle/wikEd|wikEd]] gadget.
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