വിക്കിപീഡിയ

"ഇന്ത്യയുടെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാരുടെ പട്ടിക" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

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വ്യത്യാസം കാണൽവിക്കിഎഴുത്ത്
(ചെ.) പുതിയ സോർട്ട്കീ വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയുടെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാർ: "*" [[വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ഹോട്ട്കാറ്റ്|ഹോട്ട്ക്യാറ്...
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വരി 2:
1950-ൽ [[ഇന്ത്യൻ ഭരണഘടന]] നിലവിൽ വന്നതുമുതൽ ഇന്ത്യയിലെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാരായി സ്ഥാനമേറ്റവരുടെ പൂർണപട്ടികയാണിത്<ref>[http://www.eci.gov.in/miscellaneous_statistics/presidents_1952.asp രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാരുടെയും ഉപരാഷ്ട്രപതിമാരുടെയും പട്ടിക - തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ് കമ്മീഷൻ]</ref>.
 
== രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാർ ==
{{legend2|{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}|[[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Under construction}}
{{legend2|{{Janata Party/meta/color}}|[[ജനതാ പാർട്ടി]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|white|സ്വതന്ത്രൻ|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
<onlyinclude>
 
This list is numbered based on Presidents elected after winning an Indian Presidential election. The terms of [[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]], [[Muhammad Hidayatullah]], and [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]], who have functioned as [[acting president]]s, are therefore not numbered. The President of India does not represent any political party. The colours used in the table indicate the following:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
;Colour key
!ക്രമനമ്പർ
{{legend|#EEEEEE|[[President of India]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! രാഷ്ട്രപതി
{{legend|wheat|[[Acting President of India]] (*)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! ഫോട്ടോ
 
! അധികാരമേറ്റ തീയതി
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="98%"
! അധികാരമൊഴിഞ്ഞ തീയതി
|-
! രാഷ്ട്രീയ പാർട്ടി
! №
! ഉപരാഷ്ട്രപതി
! width=25%|Name<br>(Birth–Death)
|-
! Portrait
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 01
! Elected
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[ഡോ. രാജേന്ദ്രപ്രസാദ്‌]]<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/14/stories/2007051400550900.htm ദി ഹിന്ദു പത്രത്തിലെ റിപ്പോർട്ട്]</ref>
! Took office
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |[[പ്രമാണം:Dr.Rajendra.Prasad.jpg|100px]]
! Left office
| [[1950]], [[ജനുവരി 26]]
! Vice President
| [[1962]], [[മേയ് 13]]
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
! rowspan=2 | 1
| [[എസ്. രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br/>{{small|(1884–1963)}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Food Minister Rajendra Prasad during a radio broadcast in Dec 1947 cropped.jpg|100px]]
! style="background-color: White" | 02
| [[Indian presidential election, 1952|1952]]<br/>[[Indian presidential election, 1957|1957]]
| [[എസ്. രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ]]
| 26 January 1950
| [[ചിത്രം:Radhakrishnan.jpg|100px]]
| 12 May 1962
| [[1962]], [[മേയ് 13]]
| Dr[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| [[1967]], [[മേയ് 13]]
|-
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Prasad, from Bihar, was the first President of independent India, and also the longest-serving President, for 12 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/05/07/stories/2002050700690800.htm |title= Rajendra Prasad |accessdate= 30 November 2008 |work= The Hindu |location=India |date=7 May 1952 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811816,00.html |title=
| [[ഡോ. സാക്കിർ ഹുസൈൻ]]
Republic Day |accessdate= 30 November 2008 |work= Time |date=6 February 1950 }}</ref> He was also a freedom fighter during the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/10/stories/2006121013240200.htm |title= Rajendra Prasad's birth anniversary celebrated |accessdate= 30 November 2008 |work= The Hindu |location= India |date= 10 December 2006 }}</ref> Prasad was the only president to serve two terms in office.<ref name="selecting next">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/06/stories/2006120603561000.htm |title= Selecting the next Rashtrapati |accessdate= 30 November 2008 |author= Harish Khare |work= The Hindu |location= India |date=6 December 2006 }}</ref>
|-
!|- style="background-color: White#EEEEEE" | 03
! rowspan=2 | 2
| [[ഡോ. സാക്കിർ ഹുസൈൻ]]<ref name="died">രാഷ്ട്രപതിയായിരിക്കെ മരിച്ചു.</ref>
| rowspan=2 | [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br/>{{small|(1888–1975)}}
| [[പ്രമാണം:Zakir Husain.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|100px]]
| [[1967]], [[മേയ് 13]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1962|1962]]
| [[1969]], [[മേയ് 3]]
| 13 May 1962
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| 13 May 1967
| [[വി.വി. ഗിരി]]
| [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]
|-
|-
| - <ref name="acting">ആക്ടിംഗ് രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാരെ ക്രമനമ്പറിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടില്ല</ref>
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher and writer and also held the position of [[vice chancellor]] of the [[Andhra University]] and [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/opinion/story_6099278.asp |title=Why Amartya Sen should become the next president of India |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2006 }}</ref> He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by [[Pope Paul VI]]. He received Bharat Ratna award in 1954 before becoming the President.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000130/spectrum/main2.htm |title=Dr S. Radhakrishnan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Sunday Tribune |date=30 January 2000 }}</ref> He was the first President from South India.
| [[വി.വി. ഗിരി]] (ആക്ടിംഗ്)
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
|
! rowspan=2 | 3
| [[1969]], [[മേയ് 3]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br/>{{small|(1897–1969)}}
| [[1969]], [[ജൂലൈ 20]]
| rowspan=2 |
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| [[Indian presidential election, 1967|1967]]
|
| 13 May 1967
|-
| 3 May 1969
| -<ref name="acting"/>
| [[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]
| [[മുഹമ്മദ് ഹിദായത്തുള്ള]] (ആക്ടിംഗ്)
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Hussain was vice chancellor of the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and a recipient of [[Padma Vibhushan]] and [[Bharat Ratna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakir.asp |title=Zakir Husain, |accessdate=30 November 2008 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat }}</ref> He died in office, the first to do so. He was also the shortest-serving President. He was also the first Muslim President.
| [[1969]], [[ജൂലൈ 20]]
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[1969]], [[ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 24]]
| rowspan=2 | –
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| rowspan=2 | [[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] *<br/>{{small|(1894–1980)}}
|
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| –
! style="background-color: White" | 04
| 3 May 1969
| [[വി.വി. ഗിരി]]
| 20 July 1969
|
| –
| [[1969]], [[ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 24]]
|-
| [[1974]], [[ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 24]]
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>He was elected Vice President of India in 1967. Following the death of President Zakir Hussain, Giri was appointed as [[Acting President of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/12/stories/2007071260671200.htm |title=Shekhawat need not compare himself to Giri: Shashi Bhushan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |location=India |date=12 July 2007 }}</ref> He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.<ref name="resign" />
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[ഗോപോൽ സ്വരൂപ് പഥക്]]
| rowspan=2 | –
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Mohammad Hidayatullah]] *<br/>{{small|(1905–1992)}}
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 05
| rowspan=2 |
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[ഫക്രുദ്ദീൻ അലി അഹമ്മദ്‌]]<ref name="died"/>
| –
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| 20 July 1969
| [[1974]], [[ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 24]]
| 24 August 1969
| [[1977]], [[ഫെബ്രുവരി 11]]
| –
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
|-
| [[ബാസപ്പ ദാനപ്പ ജട്ടി]]
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Hidayatullah served as the [[Chief Justice of India]], and was also a recipient of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/hiday.asp |title=Hidayatullah, Shri M |accessdate=30 November 2008 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat }}</ref> He served as [[Acting President of India]] until the election of Giri as the President of India.
|-
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
| -<ref name="acting"/>
! rowspan=2 | 4
| [[ബാസപ്പ ദാനപ്പ ജട്ടി]] (ആക്ടിംഗ്)
| rowspan=2 | [[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]<br/>{{small|(1894–1980)}}
|
| rowspan=2 |
| [[1977]], [[ഫെബ്രുവരി 11]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1969|1969]]
| [[1977]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| 24 August 1969
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| 24 August 1974
|
| [[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}" | 06
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to [[Ceylon]] (Sri Lanka).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/giri.asp |title=Giri, Shri Varahagiri Venkata |accessdate=30 November 2008 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat }}</ref>
! style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}" | [[നീലം സഞ്ജീവ റെഡ്ഡി]]
!|- style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}#EEEEEE" | [[പ്രമാണം:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|100px]]
! rowspan=2 | 5
| [[1977]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br/>{{small|(1905–1977)}}
| [[1982]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President of India (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[ജനതാ പാർട്ടി]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1974|1974]]
| [[മുഹമ്മദ് ഹിദായത്തുള്ള]]
| 24 August 1974
|-
| 11 February 1977
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 07
| [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[ഗ്യാനി സെയിൽ സിംഗ്‌]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to die in office.<ref name="PIB">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/gal.html |title=Gallery of Indian Presidents |accessdate=30 November 2008 |publisher=Press Information Bureau of the Government of India }}</ref> He was also president during [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]].<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/specials/in-depth/the-emergency-imposed-by-indira-gandhi-government/article7357305.ece</ref>
| [[1982]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[1987]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| rowspan=2 | –
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]] *<br/>{{small|(1912–2002)}}
| [[ആർ. വെങ്കിട്ടരാമൻ]]
| rowspan=2 | <!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:Basappa Danappa Jatti.jpg|100px]] -->
|-
| –
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 08
| 11 February 1977
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[ആർ. വെങ്കിട്ടരാമൻ]]
| 25 July 1977
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[പ്രമാണം:R Venkataraman.jpg|100px]]
| –
| [[1987]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
|-
| [[1992]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as [[Acting President of India]] upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of [[Mysore state|Mysore]].<ref name="PIB" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/jati.asp |title=Jatti, Shri Basappa Danappa |accessdate=30 November 2008 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat }}</ref>
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
| [[ശങ്കർ ദയാൽ ശർമ്മ]]
! rowspan=2 | 6
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br/>{{small|(1913–1996)}}
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 09
| rowspan=2 | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|100px]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[ശങ്കർ ദയാൽ ശർമ്മ]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1977|1977]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |[[പ്രമാണം:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|100px]]
| 25 July 1977
| [[1992]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| 25 July 1982
| [[1997]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| [[Basappa Danappa Jatti]]
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
----
| [[കെ.ആർ. നാരായണൻ]]
[[Muhammad Hidayatullah]]
|-
|-
! style="background-color: White" | 10
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>N.S. Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |first=G.S. |last=Bhargava |title=Making of the Prez – Congress chief selects PM as well as President |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=6 January 2009|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070730/edit.htm }}</ref> He was unanimously elected Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.
| [[കെ.ആർ. നാരായണൻ]]
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
| [[പ്രമാണം:Narayanan, Kocheril Raman.jpg|100px]]
! rowspan=2 | 7
| [[1997]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br/>{{small|(1916–1994)}}
| [[2002]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| rowspan=2 |[[File:Giani Zail Singh (cropped).jpg|125x125px]]
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
| [[Indian presidential election, 1982|1982]]
| [[കൃഷൻ കാന്ത്]]
| 25 July 1982
|-
| 25 July 1987
! style="background-color: White" | 11
| [[Muhammad Hidayatullah]]
| [[ഡോ. എ.പി.ജെ. അബ്ദുൽ കലാം]]
----
| [[പ്രമാണം:Abdulkalam04052007.jpg|100px]]
[[R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
| [[2002]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
|-
| [[2007]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister. He was also secretary general to [[Non-Aligned Movement]] (NAM) from 1983 to 1986<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.lk/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22Giani+Zail+Singh%22%2Bpunjabi&ct=result#PPA217,M1 |title=India |accessdate=3 January 2009 |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |year=1999 |publisher=University of California Press |page=217 }}</ref>
| സ്വതന്ത്രൻ
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
| [[ഭൈരോൺ സിംഗ് ഷെഖാവത്ത്]]
! rowspan=2 | 8
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br/>{{small|(1910–2009)}}
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 12
| rowspan=2 | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|100px]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[പ്രതിഭാ പാട്ടിൽ]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1987|1987]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[പ്രമാണം:PratibhaIndia.jpg|100px]]
| 25 July 1987
| [[2007]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| 25 July 1992
| [[2012]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
|-
| [[മുഹമ്മദ് ഹമീദ് അൻസാരി]]
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjoy|last=Hazarika |title=Man in the News; India's Mild New President: Ramaswamy Venkataraman |work=The New York Times |date=17 July 1987 |accessdate=6 January 2009|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1239F934A25754C0A961948260&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/India }}</ref> After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/venkat.asp|title=Venkataraman, Shri R. |accessdate=6 January 2009 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat }}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
! rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br/>{{small|(1918–1999)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|100px]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1992|1992]]
| 25 July 1992
| 25 July 1997
| [[K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Sharma was Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/December_99/PR_Dec_27(1)_1999.html |title=Former President Shankar Dayal Sharma passes away |accessdate=6 December 2008 |author=Navtej Sarna |publisher=Embassy of India, Washington D.C. |date=27 December 1999 }}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
! rowspan=2 | 10
| rowspan=2 | [[K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]<br/>{{small|(1920–2005)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|100px]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 1997|1997]]
| 25 July 1997
| 25 July 2002
| [[Krishan Kant]]
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/krn.asp |title=Narayanan, Shri K, R |accessdate=6 December 2008 |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210115549/http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/krn.asp |archivedate=10 February 2009 |df= }}</ref> He was also the vice-chancellor of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |title=The BJP's aim was to get rid of me |accessdate=6 January 2009 |publisher=Confederation of Human Rights Organizations |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012023123/http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |archivedate=12 October 2008 |df= }}</ref> He was the first President from [[Kerala]], and also the first [[Dalit]] President.
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
! rowspan=2 | 11
| rowspan=2 | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br/>{{small|(1931–2015)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|100px]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 2002|2002]]
| 25 July 2002
| 25 July 2007
| [[Krishan Kant]]
----
[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Kalam was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream |last=Ramana |first=M. V. |author2=Reddy, C. Rammanohar |year=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |location=New Delhi |isbn= |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjZA-bQde1wC&pg=RA1-PA169&dq=%22Abdul+Kalam%22+%22%22Pokhran-II%22}}</ref> He also received the [[Bharat Ratna]]. Kalam was affectionately known as the ''People's President'', due to his extra-Presidential activities. He was the first bachelor president of India, and the first Muslim President who completed his term. Kalam died following a heart attack while delivering a speech in Shillong. <ref name="Misra">{{cite book|last1=Tyagi|first1=Kavita|last2=Misra|first2=Padma|title=Basic Technical Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3ixJ62qwqcC&pg=PA124|accessdate=2 May 2012|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-4238-5|page=124}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=d1dfada8-d9b3-4783-ad6a-44f56165dd9fWho%20will%20be%20India%27s%20next%20President_Special|title='Kalam was real people's President'|date=24 July 2007|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|accessdate=2 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/14/stories/2007041411130100.htm|title=The people's President does it again|last=Perappadan |first=Bindu Shajan |date=14 April 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2 May 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
! rowspan=2 | 12
| rowspan=2 | [[Pratibha Patil]]<br/>{{small|(1934–)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Pratibha Patil 2012-02-27.jpg|100px]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 2007|2007]]
| 25 July 2007
| 25 July 2012
| [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Patil was the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female [[List of Governors of Rajasthan|Governor of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/21/AR2007072100525.html |title=Female President Elected in India |accessdate=2 December 2008 |author=Emily Wax |work=The Washington Post |date=22 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=38190 |title=Pratibha Patil is Rajasthan’s first woman governor |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work=Express India |date=8 November 2008 }}</ref>
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE"
! rowspan=2 | 13
| rowspan=2 | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br/>{{small|(1935–)}}
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Secretary Tim Geithner and Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee 2010 crop.jpg|100px]]
| [[Indian presidential election, 2012|2012]]
| 25 July 2012
| Incumbent
| [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
|-
| colspan=4 align="left"|<small>Pranab Mukherjee held various posts in the cabinet ministry for the [[Government of India]] such as [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]], [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Foreign Minister]], [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]] and [[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission]].<ref name="zeenews.india.com"/>
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | 13
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[പ്രണബ് മുഖർജി]]
! style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" | [[പ്രമാണം:Pranab_Mukherjee_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg|100px]]
| [[2012]], [[ജൂലൈ 25]]
| തുടരുന്നു
| [[ഇന്ത്യൻ നാഷണൽ കോൺഗ്രസ്]]
| [[മുഹമ്മദ് ഹമീദ് അൻസാരി]]
|}
 
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[[വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയുടെ രാഷ്ട്രപതിമാർ|*]]
[[Category:ഇന്ത്യയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട പട്ടികകൾ]]
 
[[nl:President van India#Lijst van presidenten van India]]
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