"ഗോലാൻ കുന്നുകൾ" എന്ന താളിന്റെ പതിപ്പുകൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള വ്യത്യാസം

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വരി 66:
1967 ജൂൺ 17-നു ശേഷം ഇസ്രായേലി കാബിനറ്റ് ഒരു സമാധാന ഉടമ്പടിക്ക് പകരമായി ഗോലാൻ കുന്നുകൾ സിറിയയ്ക്ക് മടക്കി നൽകാനുള്ള പ്രമേയം വോട്ടെടുപ്പിലൂടെ പാസാക്കി. 1967 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 1-ന് ഈ നീക്ക്കം അറബ് ലോകം [[Khartoum Resolution|ഖാർത്തോം പ്രമേയത്തിലൂടെ]] തള്ളിക്കളഞ്ഞു.<ref name=Dunstan>{{cite book|last=Dunstan|first=Simon|title=The Six Day War 1967: Jordan and Syria|year=2009|publisher=Osprey|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Uk3HcrMpTW8C&pg=PA88&dq=golan+%22six-day+war%22&hl=en&ei=rObUTrfNAcOhiQKivZmSDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=golan%20%22six-day%20war%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>Herzog, Chaim, The Arab Israeli Wars, New York: Random House (1982) p.190-191</ref> 1973-ലെ [[Yom Kippur War|യോം കിപ്പൂർ യുദ്ധത്തിനുശേഷം]], ഇസ്രായേൽ ഈ പ്രദേശത്തിന്റെ 5% സിറിയയുടെ നിയന്ത്രണത്തിൽ നൽകാൻ തീരുമാനിച്ചു. ഈ പ്രദേശം വെടിനിർത്തൽ രേഖയ്ക്ക് കിഴക്കോട്ട് വ്യാപിക്കുന്ന സൈനികരില്ലാത്ത പ്രദേശമാണ്. [[UNDOF|യു.എൻ. സമാധാന സേനയുടെ]] നിയന്ത്രണത്തിലാണ് ഈ ഭൂവിഭാഗം.
 
ഇസ്രായേലിന്റെ നിയന്ത്രണത്തിലുള്ള പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ സൈനിക ഭരണത്തിലായിരുന്നു. ഇസ്രായേൽ [[Golan Heights Law|ഗോലാൻ ഹൈറ്റ്സ് നിയമം]] പാസാക്കിയതോടെ [[Israeli law|ഇസ്രായേലി]] നിയമവും ഭരണവും ഈ പ്രദേശമാകെ 1981 മുതൽ ബാധകമായി. ഇതോടെ ഇവിടെ ജൂത കുടിയേറ്റവും ആരംഭിച്ചു.<ref name = "MFA Law">[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Golan+Heights+Law.htm Golan Heights Law], MFA.</ref> ഈ നീക്കം [[United Nations Security Councilഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭയുടെCouncil|ഐക്യരാഷ്ട്രസഭയുടെ സുരക്ഷാസമിതി]] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 497|497-ആമത് യു.എൻ. പ്രമേയത്തിലൂടെ]] അപലപിക്കുകയുണ്ടായി.<ref name="UN Security Council Resolution 497">[http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/SC497.pdf UN Security Council Resolution 497]</ref><ref name=korman_condemned/> "സ്വന്തം നിയമങ്ങളും നിയമവാഴ്ച്ചയും ഭരണവും സിറിയൻ ഗോലാൻ കുന്നുകളിൽ നടപ്പിലാക്കാനുള്ള ഇസ്രായേലിന്റെ തീരുമാനം അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര നിയമമനുസരിച്ച് അസാധുവാണ്" എന്നായിരുന്നു പ്രമേയത്തിന്റെ ഉള്ളടക്കം. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242|242-ആമത് യു.എൻ. പ്രമേയമനുസരിച്ച്]] തങ്ങളുടെ നീക്കം സാധുതയുള്ളതാണെന്നാണ് ഇസ്രായേൽ അഭിപ്രായപ്പെടുന്നത്. "ബലപ്രയോഗം നടക്കുമെന്ന ഭീഷണിയോ പ്രവൃത്തിയോ ഇല്ലാത്തതും സുരക്ഷിതമായതുമായ അതിർത്തികൾ ഉറപ്പുവരുത്തണം" എന്നാണ് ഈ പ്രമേയം പറയുന്നത്.<ref name="ReferenceA">Y.Z Blum "Secure Boundaries and Middle East Peace in the Light of International Law and Practice" (1971) pages 24–46</ref> എന്നിരുന്നാലും അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര സമൂഹം ഇസ്രായേലിന്റെ അവകാശവാദം തള്ളിക്കളയുകയും ഈ പ്രദേശം സിറിയയുടേതാണെന്ന നിലപാടിൽ ഉറച്ചുനിൽക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.<ref name=occupiedSyrian>
 
* "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DqIv03qWPc0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+situation+of+workers+of+the+occupied+Arab+territories:+report+of+the#v=snippet&q=%22The%20international%20community%20maintains%20that%20the%20Israeli%20decision%20to%20impose%20its%20laws%2C%20jurisdiction%20and%20administration%20in%20the%20occupied%20Syrian%20Golan%20is%20null%20and%20void%20and%20without%20international%20legal%20effect.%22&f=false|title=The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories|author=International Labour Office|edition=International government publication|publisher=International Labour Office|year=2009|isbn=978-92-2-120630-9|page=23}}
* "...occupied Syrian Golan Heights..." ([http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002], ''www.al-bab.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ([http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga10794.doc.htm General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees], United Nations, December 5, 2008.)
*"the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". Also, "the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war." ([http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues], Congressional Research Service. 19 January 2006)</ref><ref name=InternationalCommunityOccupiedTerritory>Occupied territory:
 
* "Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA339&dq=%22OCCUPIED+GOLAN%22&hl=en&ei=T2BVTJuyLsH48AbYwM3kBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22OCCUPIED%20GOLAN%22&f=false CIA World Factbook 2010], Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1-60239-727-9.)
* "...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ([http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf "CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations"], Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* "Occupied Golan Heights" ([http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories], UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." ([http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/israel-golan-311207?OpenDocument&style=custo_print ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007], International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.)</ref><ref name=KORMAN>Korman, Sharon. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&pg=PA261&dq=The+right+of+conquest+golan+heights&hl=en&ei=AzpYTMLXE4mhOPufvPEI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20right%20of%20conquest%20golan%20heights&f=false The right of conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice], Oxford University Press, 1996. pg. 265. ISBN 0-19-828007-6. "The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character--such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force--which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community--no less by the United States than by any other state."</ref>
 
Israeli Prime Ministers [[Yitzhak Rabin]], [[Ehud Barak]], and [[Ehud Olmert]] each stated that they were willing to exchange the Golan for peace with Syria. However, in 2010, Israeli foreign minister [[Avigdor Lieberman]] told Syria to abandon its dreams of recovering the Golan Heights.<ref name="Al Jazeera20100204">{{cite news|title=Israel's Lieberman cautions Syria|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/02/201024174859584145.html|accessdate=8 April 2011|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=4 February 2010|quote='We must make Syria recognise that just as it relinquished its dream of a greater Syria that controls Lebanon ... it will have to relinquish its ultimate demand regarding the Golan Heights,' Lieberman said.}}</ref> Approximately 10% of Syrian Golan [[Druze]] have accepted Israeli citizenship.<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1552801/At-a-glance-The-Golan-Heights At a Glance: The Golan Heights] World News Australia, 6 June 2011</ref> According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], as of 2010, "there are 41 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights."<ref name="CIA World Factbook"/>* "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DqIv03qWPc0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+situation+of+workers+of+the+occupied+Arab+territories:+report+of+the#v=snippet&q=%22The%20international%20community%20maintains%20that%20the%20Israeli%20decision%20to%20impose%20its%20laws%2C%20jurisdiction%20and%20administration%20in%20the%20occupied%20Syrian%20Golan%20is%20null%20and%20void%20and%20without%20international%20legal%20effect.%22&f=false|title=The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories|author=International Labour Office|edition=International government publication|publisher=International Labour Office|year=2009|isbn=978-92-2-120630-9|page=23}}
* "...occupied Syrian Golan Heights..." ([http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002], ''www.al-bab.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ([http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga10794.doc.htm General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees], United Nations, December 5, 2008.)
*"the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". Also, "the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war." ([http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues], Congressional Research Service. 19 January 2006)</ref><ref name=InternationalCommunityOccupiedTerritory>Occupied territory:
 
* "Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA339&dq=%22OCCUPIED+GOLAN%22&hl=en&ei=T2BVTJuyLsH48AbYwM3kBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22OCCUPIED%20GOLAN%22&f=false CIA World Factbook 2010], Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1-60239-727-9.)
* "...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ([http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf "CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations"], Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* "Occupied Golan Heights" ([http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories], UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.)
* "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." ([http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/israel-golan-311207?OpenDocument&style=custo_print ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007], International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.)</ref><ref name=KORMAN>Korman, Sharon. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&pg=PA261&dq=The+right+of+conquest+golan+heights&hl=en&ei=AzpYTMLXE4mhOPufvPEI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20right%20of%20conquest%20golan%20heights&f=false The right of conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice], Oxford University Press, 1996. pg. 265. ISBN 0-19-828007-6. "The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character--such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force--which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community--no less by the United States than by any other state."</ref>
 
[[Yitzhak Rabin|യിത്സാക്ക് റാബിൻ]], [[Ehud Barak|എഹൂദ് ബറാക്ക്]], [[Ehud Olmert|എഹൂദ് ഓൾമെർട്ട്]] എന്നിവർ തങ്ങൾ ഗോലാൻ കുന്നുകൾ സമാധാനത്തിനു പകരമായി സിറിയയ്ക്ക് കൈമാറാൻ തയ്യാറാണെന്ന് പ്രസ്താവിച്ചിരുന്നു. 2010-ൽ ഇസ്രായേലി വിദേശകാര്യമന്ത്രിയായ [[Avigdor Lieberman|അവിഗ്ഡോർ ലൈബർമാൻ]] സിറിയയോട് ഈ ഭൂവിഭാഗം തിരികെപ്പിടിക്കാം എന്ന മോഹം ഉപേക്ഷിക്കാൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെടുകയുണ്ടായി.<ref name="Al Jazeera20100204">{{cite news|title=Israel's Lieberman cautions Syria|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2010/02/201024174859584145.html|accessdate=8 April 2011|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=4 February 2010|quote='We must make Syria recognise that just as it relinquished its dream of a greater Syria that controls Lebanon ... it will have to relinquish its ultimate demand regarding the Golan Heights,' Lieberman said.}}</ref> സിറിയൻ ഗോലാൻ [[Druze|ഡ്രൂസ്]] ജനതയുടെ 10% ഇസ്രായേലി പൗരത്വം സ്വീകരിക്കാൻ തയ്യാറായിട്ടുണ്ട്.<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1552801/At-a-glance-The-Golan-Heights At a Glance: The Golan Heights] World News Australia, 6 June 2011</ref> [[CIA World Factbook|സി.ഐ.എ. വേൾഡ് ഫാക്റ്റ്ബുക്ക്]] അനുസരിച്ച് 2010-ൽ 41 ഇസ്രായേലി ആവാസപ്രദേശങ്ങൾ ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്.<ref name="CIA World Factbook"/>
==അവലംബം==
{{Reflist|30em}}
"https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഗോലാൻ_കുന്നുകൾ" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്