സെനറ്റ് (അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ)
അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളുടെ നിയമ നിർമ്മാണ സഭയായ കോൺഗ്രസ്‌സിലെ ഉപരിസഭയാണ് സെനറ്റ്. മൊത്തം 100 സീറ്റുകൾ ഉള്ള സെനറ്റിൽ നിലവിൽ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്കൻ പാർട്ടിക്ക് 53ഉം ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക്‌ പാർട്ടിക്ക് 45ഉം സ്വതന്ത്രർക്ക് 2ഉം വീതം അംഗങ്ങൾ ആണ് ഉള്ളത്.
| യുനൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സ് സെനറ്റ് | |
|---|---|
| 116th United States Congress | |
 സെനറ്റിന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക മുദ്ര | |
 സെനറ്റിന്റെ ഔദ്യോഗിക പതാക | |
| വിഭാഗം | |
| തരം | Upper house of the United States Congress |
കാലാവധി | None |
| ചരിത്രം | |
New session started | ജനുവരി 3, 2019 |
| നേതൃത്വം | |
| വിന്യാസം | |
| സീറ്റുകൾ | 100 51 (or 50 plus the Vice President) for a majority |
 | |
രാഷ്ടീയ മുന്നണികൾ | Majority (53)
Minority (47)
|
Length of term | 6 years |
| തെരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകൾ | |
Varies in 5 states Plurality voting in 45 states | |
| November 6, 2018 (35 seats) | |
| November 3, 2020 (35 seats) | |
| സഭ കൂടുന്ന ഇടം | |
 | |
| Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C. United States of America | |
| വെബ്സൈറ്റ് | |
| senate.gov | |
| Constitution | |
| United States Constitution | |
Notes തിരുത്തുക
- ↑ The independent senators, Angus King (I-ME) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT), caucus with the Democrats.
References തിരുത്തുക
Bibliography തിരുത്തുക
- Baker, Richard A. The Senate of the United States: A Bicentennial History Krieger, 1988.
- Baker, Richard A., ed., First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate Leaders of the Twentieth Century Congressional Quarterly, 1991.
- Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa, The Almanac of American Politics 1976: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts (1975); new edition every 2 years
- David W. Brady and Mathew D. McCubbins. Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress (2002)
- Caro, Robert A. The Years of Lyndon Johnson. Vol. 3: Master of the Senate. Knopf, 2002.
- Comiskey, Michael. Seeking Justices: The Judging of Supreme Court Nominees U. Press of Kansas, 2004.
- Congressional Quarterly Congress and the Nation XII: 2005–2008: Politics and Policy in the 109th and 110th Congresses (2010); massive, highly detailed summary of Congressional activity, as well as major executive and judicial decisions; based on Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report and the annual CQ almanac. The Congress and the Nation 2009–2012 vol XIII has been announced for September 2014 publication.
- Congressional Quarterly Congress and the Nation: 2001–2004 (2005);
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1997–2001 (2002)
- Congressional Quarterly. Congress and the Nation: 1993–1996 (1998)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1989–1992 (1993)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1985–1988 (1989)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1981–1984 (1985)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1977–1980 (1981)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1973–1976 (1977)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1969–1972 (1973)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1965–1968 (1969)
- Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation: 1945–1964 (1965), the first of the series
- Cooper, John Milton, Jr. Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations. Cambridge U. Press, 2001.
- Davidson, Roger H., and Walter J. Oleszek, eds. (1998). Congress and Its Members, 6th ed. Washington DC: Congressional Quarterly. (Legislative procedure, informal practices, and member information)
- Gould, Lewis L. The Most Exclusive Club: A History Of The Modern United States Senate (2005)
- Hernon, Joseph Martin. Profiles in Character: Hubris and Heroism in the U.S. Senate, 1789–1990 Sharpe, 1997.
- Hoebeke, C. H. The Road to Mass Democracy: Original Intent and the Seventeenth Amendment. Transaction Books, 1995. (Popular elections of senators)
- Lee, Frances E. and Oppenheimer, Bruce I. Sizing Up the Senate: The Unequal Consequences of Equal Representation. U. of Chicago Press 1999. 304 pp.
- MacNeil, Neil and Richard A. Baker. The American Senate: An Insider's History. Oxford University Press, 2013. 455 pp.
- McFarland, Ernest W. The Ernest W. McFarland Papers: The United States Senate Years, 1940–1952. Prescott, Ariz.: Sharlot Hall Museum, 1995 (Democratic majority leader 1950–52)
- Malsberger, John W. From Obstruction to Moderation: The Transformation of Senate Conservatism, 1938–1952. Susquehanna U. Press 2000
- Mann, Robert. The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell and the Struggle for Civil Rights. Harcourt Brace, 1996
- Ritchie, Donald A. (1991). Press Gallery: Congress and the Washington Correspondents. Harvard University Press.
- Ritchie, Donald A. (2001). The Congress of the United States: A Student Companion (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Ritchie, Donald A. (2010). The U.S. Congress: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.
- Rothman, David. Politics and Power the United States Senate 1869–1901 (1966)
- Swift, Elaine K. The Making of an American Senate: Reconstitutive Change in Congress, 1787–1841. U. of Michigan Press, 1996
- Valeo, Frank. Mike Mansfield, Majority Leader: A Different Kind of Senate, 1961–1976 Sharpe, 1999 (Senate Democratic leader)
- VanBeek, Stephen D. Post-Passage Politics: Bicameral Resolution in Congress. U. of Pittsburgh Press 1995
- Weller, Cecil Edward, Jr. Joe T. Robinson: Always a Loyal Democrat. U. of Arkansas Press, 1998. (Arkansas Democrat who was Majority leader in 1930s)
- Wilson, Woodrow. Congressional Government. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1885; also 15th ed. 1900, repr. by photoreprint, Transaction books, 2002.
- Wirls, Daniel and Wirls, Stephen. The Invention of the United States Senate Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2004. (Early history)
- Zelizer, Julian E. On Capitol Hill : The Struggle to Reform Congress and its Consequences, 1948–2000 (2006)
- Zelizer, Julian E., ed. The American Congress: The Building of Democracy (2004) (overview)
Official Senate histories തിരുത്തുക
The following are published by the Senate Historical Office.
- Robert Byrd. The Senate, 1789–1989. Four volumes.
- Vol. I, a chronological series of addresses on the history of the Senate
- Vol. II, a topical series of addresses on various aspects of the Senate's operation and powers
- Vol. III, Classic Speeches, 1830–1993
- Vol. IV, Historical Statistics, 1789–1992
- Dole, Bob. Historical Almanac of the United States Senate
- Hatfield, Mark O., with the Senate Historical Office. Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993 (essays reprinted online)
- Frumin, Alan S. Riddick's Senate Procedure. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992.
External links തിരുത്തുക
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Senate.
- The United States Senate Official Website
- Sortable contact data
- Senate Chamber Map
- [[[:ഫലകം:US Senate Rule URL]] Standing Rules of the Senate]
- Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present
- List of Senators who died in office, via PoliticalGraveyard.com
- Chart of all U.S. Senate seat-holders, by state, 1978–present, via Texas Tech University
- A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Archived July 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., via Tufts University
- Bill Hammons' American Politics Guide – Members of Congress by Committee and State with Partisan Voting Index Archived December 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
- Works by or about സെനറ്റ് at Internet Archive
- First U.S. Senate session aired by C-SPAN via C-SPAN
- Senate Manual via govinfo.gov (U.S. Government Publishing Office)
- United States Senate Calendars and Schedules
- Information about U.S. Bills and Resolutions Archived January 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
സെനറ്റ് (അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ) public domain audiobooks from LibriVox
