ബാഷ്കോർടോസ്ഥാൻ
ബഷ്ക്കീറിയ എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് ബാഷ്കോർടോസ്ഥാൻ റഷ്യയുടെ സ്വയംഭരണപ്രദേശമാണ്. ഇത് വോൾഗാനദിയുടെയും ഉറാൽ പർവ്വതങ്ങളുടേയും ഇടയിൽ സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ തലസ്ഥാനം ഉഫ നഗരമാണ്. റഷ്യയിലെ സ്വയംഭരണപ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ ജനസംഖ്യയുള്ളത് ഇവിടെയാണ്.
| Republic of Bashkortostan | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Республика Башкортостан (Russian) Башҡортостан Республикаһы (Bashkir) |
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| — Republic — | |||
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| Anthem: State Anthem of the Republic of Bashkortostan[1] | |||
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| Coordinates: 54°28′N 56°16′E / 54.467°N 56.267°E | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Volga[2] | ||
| Economic region | Urals[3] | ||
| Established | March 23, 1919 | ||
| Capital | Ufa | ||
| Government (as of November 2014) | |||
| - Head[4] | Rustem Khamitov[5] | ||
| - Legislature | State Assembly[4] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6] | |||
| - Total | 1,43,600 km2 (55,444.3 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 27th | ||
| Population (2010 Census) | |||
| - Total | 40,72,292 | ||
| - Rank | 7th | ||
| - Density[7] | 28.36/km2 (73.5/sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 60.4% | ||
| - Rural | 39.6% | ||
| Time zone(s) | YEKST (UTC+06:00)[8] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-BA | ||
| License plates | 02, 102 | ||
| Official languages | Russian;[9] Bashkir[10] | ||
| http://www.bashkortostan.ru | |||
പേരിന്റെ ഉൽഭവം തിരുത്തുക
ചരിത്രം തിരുത്തുക
ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം തിരുത്തുക
നദികൾ തിരുത്തുക
13,000 നദികൾ ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്. യൂറോപ്യൻ ഭാഗത്തെ റഷ്യയുടെ ഗതാഗത സംവിധാനത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന കണ്ണികളാണ് ഈ നദികൾ.
പ്രധാന നദികൾ:
- Belaya (Aghidhel) River (1,430 km)
- Ufa (Qaraidel) River (918 km)
- Sakmara River (760 km)
- Ik (Iq) River (571 km)
- Dyoma River (556 km)
- Ay River (549 km)
- Yuruzan River (404 km)
- Bystry Tanyp River (345 km)
- Sim River (239 km)
- Nugush River (235 km)
- Tanalyk River (225 km)
- Zilim River (215 km)
- Syun River (209 km)
തടാകങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
2,700 തടാകങ്ങളും ജലസംഭരണികളും ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്. പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ടവ താഴ്പ്പറയുന്നു:
- Asylykül Lake (23.5 km²)
- Qandrykül Lake (15.6 km²)
- Urgun Lake (12.0 km²)
- Pavlovskoye Reservoir (120.0 km²)
- Nugushkoye Reservoir (25.2 km²)
പർവ്വതങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
ഉയരം കൂടിയ ചില പർവ്വതങ്ങൾ ഇവയാണ്:
- Mount Yamantau (1,638 m)
- Mount Bolshoy Iremel (1,582 m)
- Mount Maly Iremel (1,449 m)
- Mount Arwyakryaz (1,068 m)
- Mount Zilmerdaq (909 m)
- Mount Alataw (845 m)
- Mount Yurmataw (842 m)
പ്രകൃതിവിഭവങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
3,000 ൽപ്പരം ധാതുസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ ഇവിടെയുണ്ട്.
കാലാവസ്ത തിരുത്തുക
- Average annual temperature: +0.3 °C (32.5 °F) (mountains) to +2.8 °C (37.0 °F) (plains)
- Average January temperature: −16 °C (3 °F)
- Average July temperature: +18 °C (64 °F)
രാഷ്ട്രീയം തിരുത്തുക
സമ്പദ്ഘടന തിരുത്തുക
ജനസംഖ്യ സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്ക് തിരുത്തുക
Population development തിരുത്തുക
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 1,991,000 |
| 1913 | 2,811,000 |
| 1926 | 2,547,000 |
| 1939 | 3,158,000 |
| 1959 | 3,340,000 |
| 1970 | 3,818,000 |
| 1979 | 3,849,000 |
| 1989 | 3,950,482[11] |
| 2002 | 4,104,336[12] |
| 2010 | 4,072,292 |
വംശീയവിഭാവങ്ങൾ തിരുത്തുക
According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition was:
- Russian 36.1%
- Bashkir 29.5%
- ടാട്ടർ 25.4%
- Chuvash 2.7%
- Mari 2.6%
- Ukrainian 1%
- Mordovian 0.5%
- ഉദ്മൂർത് 0.5%
- ബെലറൂസ് വിഭാഗം 0.3%
| Ethnic group |
1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Bashkirs | 625,845 | 23.5% | 671,188 | 21.2% | 737,744 | 22.1% | 892,248 | 23.4% | 935,880 | 24.3% | 863,808 | 21.9% | 1,221,302 | 29.8% | 1,172,287 | 29.5% |
| Russians | 1,064,707 | 39.9% | 1,281,347 | 40.6% | 1,418,147 | 42.4% | 1,546,304 | 40.5% | 1,547,893 | 40.3% | 1,548,291 | 39.3% | 1,490,715 | 36.3% | 1,432,906 | 36.1% |
| Tatars | 621,158 | 23.3% | 777,230 | 24.6% | 768,566 | 23.0% | 944,505 | 24.7% | 940,436 | 24.5% | 1,120,702 | 28.4% | 990,702 | 24.1% | 1,009,295 | 25.4% |
| Chuvash | 84,886 | 3.2% | 106,892 | 3.4% | 109,970 | 3.3% | 126,638 | 3.3% | 122,344 | 3.2% | 118,509 | 3.0% | 117,317 | 2.9% | 107,450 | 2.7% |
| Mari | 79,298 | 3.0% | 90,163 | 2.9% | 93,902 | 2.8% | 109,638 | 2.9% | 106,793 | 2.8% | 105,768 | 2.7% | 105,829 | 2.6% | 103,658 | 2.6% |
| Ukrainians | 76,710 | 2.9% | 99,289 | 3.1% | 83,594 | 2.5% | 76,005 | 2.0% | 75,571 | 2.0% | 74,990 | 1.9% | 55,249 | 1.3% | 39,875 | 1.0% |
| Others | 113,232 | 4.2% | 132,860 | 4.2% | 129,686 | 3.9% | 122,737 | 3.2% | 115,363 | 3.0% | 111,045 | 2.8% | 118,856 | 2.9% | 109,249 | 2.7% |
| 1 97,572 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[13] | ||||||||||||||||
മതം തിരുത്തുക
ഭാഷകൾ തിരുത്തുക
Spoken languages: Russian (50%), Tatar (30%), Bashkir (20%).[16]
വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം തിരുത്തുക
സംസ്കാരം തിരുത്തുക
ഇതും കാണുക തിരുത്തുക
അവലംബം തിരുത്തുക
- ↑ Law #10-z
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Article 6
- ↑ Official website of the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Biography Archived 2015-11-19 at the Wayback Machine. (in Russian)
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (മേയ് 21, 2004). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации[[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved നവംബർ 1, 2011.
{{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Article 1
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (മേയ് 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "ആർക്കൈവ് പകർപ്പ്". Archived from the original on ഡിസംബർ 25, 2018. Retrieved ജൂലൈ 19, 2015.
- ↑ Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ↑ 2012 Survey Maps Archived 2017-03-20 at the Wayback Machine.. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
- ↑ Russian Census 2002. 6. Владение языками (кроме русского) населением отдельных национальностей по республикам, автономной области и автономным округам Российской Федерации Archived 2006-11-04 at the Wayback Machine.(Knowledge of languages other than Russian by the population of republics, autonomous oblast and autonomous districts)(in Russian)
കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക് തിരുത്തുക
- Ilishev, Ildus G. (ഡിസംബർ 1998). "Russian federalism: Political, legal, and ethnolingual aspects — a view from the republic of Bashkortostan". Nationalities Papers. 26 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1080/00905999808408597.
Bashkortostan എന്ന വിഷയവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചിത്രങ്ങൾ വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസിലുണ്ട്.