ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ
'ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ' (Vermivora chrysoptera) ഒരു ന്യൂ വേൾഡ് വാർബ്ലർ ആണ്. തെക്ക്-കിഴക്ക്, തെക്ക്-മദ്ധ്യ കാനഡയിലും വടക്ക്കിഴക്കൻ അപ്പാലാചിയൻ മൗണ്ടെയ്നും വടക്കു-മധ്യേ യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സിലും ഇത് പ്രജനനം നടത്തുന്നു. വിസ്കോൺസിൻ, മിനസോട്ട, മനിറ്റോബ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ ഭൂരിഭാഗം (~ 70%) ഗ്ലോബൽ പോപുലേഷൻ സങ്കരയിനങ്ങൾ കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. ഗോൾഡൻ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ ജനസംഖ്യ ക്രമേണ വടക്കൻ മേഖലയിലേക്ക് വ്യാപിച്ചെങ്കിലും പക്ഷേ സാധാരണയായി അതിന്റെ പരിധിയിലുടനീളം കുറഞ്ഞുവരുന്നു, മിക്കപ്പോഴും ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ നഷ്ടം, മത്സരം എന്നിവ ഇതിനു കാരണമായിത്തീരാറുണ്ട്. വളരെ അടുത്ത ബന്ധമുള്ള ബ്ലൂ-വിംഗ്ഡ് വാർബ്ലർ, Vermivora cyanoptera എന്നിവയും ആയി ഇവയ്ക്ക് സങ്കരയിനങ്ങളുണ്ടാകുന്നു.
Golden-winged warbler | |
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Male and Female birds | |
ശാസ്ത്രീയ വർഗ്ഗീകരണം | |
കിങ്ഡം: | |
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Species: | V. chrysoptera
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Binomial name | |
Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)
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Range of V. chrysoptera Breeding range Wintering range | |
Synonyms | |
Helmintophila chrysoptera: Ridgway 1882 |
ഉദ്ഭവം
തിരുത്തുകജീനസ് നാമം വെർമിവോറ , ലാറ്റിനിൽ വെർമിസ് 'എന്നാൽ' "worm , വൊറാരെ എന്നാൽ "to devour", എന്നുമാണ്. പുരാതന ഗ്രീക്കിൽ chrysopteraയിൽ ഖ്രുസോസ്, എന്നാൽ "സ്വർണ്ണം" പ്റ്റെറോൺ, എന്നാൽ "ചിറകു" എന്നുമാണ്. [2]
വിവരണം
തിരുത്തുകലേഖനങ്ങൾ
തിരുത്തുക- Andre JB. (1979). The Golden-Winged Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera In Coastal Carolina USA A Recent Record And Comments On Its Fall Migration. Chat. vol 43, no 3.
- Bannon P. (1986). Brewster's Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera X Vermivora-Pinus Backcross Breeding In Huntingdon County Quebec Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 100, no 1. pp. 118–119.
- Boal CW, Sibley FC, Estabrook TS & Lazell J. (2006). Insular and migrant species, longevity records, and new species records on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. Wilson Journal of Ornithology. vol 118, no 2. pp. 218–224.
- Carpentier AG. (1983). Presumed Breeding Record Of Brewsters X Brewsters Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera-X-Vermivora-Pinus In Ontario Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 97, no 4. pp. 458–459.
- Confer JL. (1992). Vermivora chrysoptera: Golden-winged warbler. Birds of North America. vol 0, no 20. pp. 1–15.
- Confer JL. (2006). Secondary contact and introgression of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera): Documenting the mechanism. Auk. vol 123, no 4. pp. 958–961.
- Confer JL & Knapp K. (1981). Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera And Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus The Relative Success Of A Habitat Specialist And A Generalist. Auk. vol 98, no 1. pp. 108–114.
- Confer JL, Larkin JL & Allen PE. (2003). Effects of vegetation, interspecific competition, and brood parasitism on Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) nesting success. Auk. vol 120, no 1. pp. 138–144.
- Confer JL & Tupper SK. (2000). A reassessment of the status of Golden-winged and Blue-winged Warblers in the Hudson Highlands of southern New York. Wilson Bulletin. vol 112, no 4. pp. 544–546.
- Dabrowski A, Fraser R, Confer JL & Lovette IJ. (2005). Geographic variability in mitochondrial introgression among hybridizing populations of Golden-winged (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-winged (V-pinus) Warblers. Conservation Genetics. vol 6, no 5. pp. 843–853.
- Doherty P. (1992). Golden-winged warbler: New to the western Palearctic. British Birds. vol 85, no 11. pp. 595–599.
- Ewert DN. (1981). The Occurrence Of Closely Related Species Pairs In Central Michigan USA Willow Flycatchers Empidonax-Traillii And Alder Flycatchers Empidonax-Alnorum And Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera And Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus. Jack Pine Warbler. vol 59, no 3. pp. 95–98.
- Ferguson RS. (1981). Summer Birds Of The Northwest Angle Provincial Forest And Adjacent Southeastern Manitoba Canada. Syllogeus. vol 31, pp. 1–23.
- Gill FB. (1980). Historical Aspects Of Hybridization Between Blue-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Pinus And Golden-Winged Warblers Vermivora-Chrysoptera. Auk. vol 97, no 1. pp. 1–18.
- Gill FB. (1987). Allozymes And Genetic Similarity Of Blue-Winged And Golden-Winged Warblers. Auk. vol 104, no 3. pp. 444–449.
- Gill FB. (1992). Golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera. Brauning, D. vol W, p. Atlas of breeding birds in Pennsylvania.
- Gill FB. (1997). Local cytonuclear extinction of the golden-winged warbler. Evolution. vol 51, no 2. pp. 519–525.
- Gill FB. (2004) BLUE-WINGED WARBLERS (VERMIVORA PINUS) VERSUS GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS (V. CHRYSOPTERA). The Auk. Vol 121, no 4. p. 1014 (5 pages)
- Hamel P & Wright LM. (1979). Lawrences Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera-X-Vermivora-Pinus At Francis-Beidler Forest 1st Sight Record For South-Carolina USA. Chat. vol 43, no 3. pp. 66–67.
- Hanowski JM, Christian DP & Nelson MC. (1999). Response of breeding birds to shearing and burning in wetland brush ecosystems. Wetlands. vol 19, no 3. pp. 584–593.
- Highsmith RT. (1989). The Singing Behavior Of Golden-Winged Warblers. Wilson Bulletin. vol 101, no 1. pp. 36–50.
- Klaus NA. (2004). Status of the golden-winged warbler in North Georgia, and a nesting record of the Lawrence's Warbler. Oriole. vol 69, no 1-2. pp. 1–7.
- Klaus NA & Buehler DA. (2001). Golden-winged Warbler breeding habitat characteristics and nest success in clearcuts in the southern appalachian mountains. Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 3. pp. 297–301.
- Koonce AE. (2005). The role of juvenile dispersal in the replacement of golden-winged warblers by blue-winged warblers. Natural Resource Modeling. vol 18, no 4. pp. 537–547.
- Lacki MJ. (2000). Surveys of bird communities on Little Black and Black mountains: Implications for long-term conservation of Montane birds in Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. vol 61, no 1. pp. 50–59.
- Leichty ER & Grier JW. (2006). Importance of facial pattern to sexual selection in golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera). Auk. vol 123, no 4. pp. 962–966.
- Rayner WJ. (1988). Male Golden-Winged Warbler Attends Blue-Winged Warbler Nest. Ontario Birds. vol 6, no 3. pp. 106–107.
- Rich T. (1981). The Golden-Winged Warbler Vermivora-Chrysoptera New-Record In Idaho USA. Western Birds. vol 12, no 1.
- Rossell CR, Jr. (2001). Song perch characteristics of Golden-winged Warblers in a mountain wetland. Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 2. pp. 246–248.
- Rossell CR, Jr., Patch SC & Wilds SP. (2003). Attributes of golden-winged warbler territories in a mountain wetland. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 31, no 4. pp. 1099–1104.
- Roth AM & Lutz S. (2004). Relationship between territorial male Golden-winged Warblers in managed aspen stands in northern Wisconsin, USA. Forest Science. vol 50, no 2. pp. 153–161.
- Shadick S. (1986). Golden-Winged Warbler At Duck Mountain Saskatchewan Canada. Blue Jay. vol 44, no 4. pp. 245–246.
- Shapiro LH, Canterbury RA, Stover DM & Fleischer RC. (2004). Reciprocal introgression between Golden-Winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-Winged Warblers (V. pinus) in eastern North America. Auk. vol 121, no 4. pp. 1019–1030.
- Stenzler LM, Fraser R & Lovette IJ. (2004). Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci from Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) with broad cross-taxon utility in emberizine songbirds. Molecular Ecology Notes. vol 4, no 4. pp. 602–604.
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കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്
തിരുത്തുകBooks
തിരുത്തുക- Confer, John L. 1992. Golden-winged Warbler. In The Birds of North America, No. 20 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.
പ്രബന്ധം
തിരുത്തുക- Demmons TD. M.Sc. (2000). Nest site selection and nest predation patterns at forest-field edges. Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.
- Hamel PB. Ph.D. (1981). A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH TO AVIAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE. Clemson University, United States, South Carolina.
- Highsmith RT. Ph.D. (1989). Function, form, and recognition of the songs of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and blue-winged (V. pinus) warblers. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States, Massachusetts.
- Will TC. Ph.D. (1986). THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF SPECIES REPLACEMENT: BLUE-WINGED AND GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS IN MICHIGAN. University of Michigan, United States, Michigan.
അവലംബം
തിരുത്തുക- ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Vermivora chrysoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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(help) - ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 105, 400. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ
തിരുത്തുക- Golden-winged warbler - Vermivora chrysoptera - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Golden-winged warbler species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Golden-winged warbler videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
- Golden-winged warbler photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)