വിക്കിപീഡിയ

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കളുടെ പട്ടിക


ഫ്രഞ്ചുകാരനായ വാൽനക്ഷത്ര നിരീക്ഷകൻ ചാൾസ് മെസ്സിയർ നിരീക്ഷണപഠനങ്ങളിലൂടെ പട്ടികയിലാക്കിയ ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളാണു മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു (Messier object) എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. വാൽ നക്ഷത്രങ്ങളെ തിരയുന്നതിനിടെ വാൽനക്ഷത്രത്തോട് സാദൃശ്യമുള്ളതായ കുറേ ഖഗോള വസ്തുക്കൾ, മെസ്സിയറിനെ വല്ലാതെ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടിലാക്കി. ഇങ്ങനെയുള്ള ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളെ വാൽനക്ഷത്രങ്ങളായി തെറ്റിദ്ധരിക്കാതിരിക്കാൻ, മെസ്സിയർ ഇവയ്ക്കെല്ലാം ഓരോ സംഖ്യ കൊടുത്ത് പട്ടികയിലാക്കി. ഈ വസ്തുക്കളാണു് പിന്നീടു് മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു (Messier object) എന്നറിയപ്പെട്ടത്. മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ എല്ലാം തന്നെ ഗാലക്സികളോ, നെബുലകളോ, ഓപ്പൺ ക്ലസ്റ്ററുകളോ, ഗ്ലോബുലാർ ക്ലസ്റ്ററുകളോ ആണെന്നു് പിന്നീടു് തെളിയിക്കപ്പെട്ടു.

M1, M2,...എന്നിങ്ങനെയാണ് മെസ്സിയർ ഇവയെ നാമകരണം ചെയ്തത്. ഉദാഹരണത്തിന് ആൻഡ്രോമിഡ ഗാലക്സിയുടെ ഈ കാറ്റലോഗ് പ്രകാരം ഉള്ള പേര് ‍M31 എന്നാണ്. ആകെ 110 ഖഗോള വസ്തുക്കളാണ് ഈ കാറ്റലോഗിൽ ഉള്ളത്. 1781-ൽ ആണ് ഈ കാറ്റലോഗ് പുറത്തിറങ്ങിയത്. മെസ്സിയർ ജീവിച്ചത് ഫ്രാൻസിലായത് കൊണ്ട് ദക്ഷിണാർദ്ധഗോളത്തിലെ പല പ്രധാന ഖഗോളവസ്തുക്കളേയും ഈ കാറ്റലോഗിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടില്ല.

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ തിരുത്തുക

  Star cluster   Nebula   Galaxy   Other

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു NGC സംഖ്യ തനതുനാമം ചിത്രം ഖഗോളവസ്തുവിന്റെ തരം ദൂരം (kly) നക്ഷത്രരാശി Apparent magnitude
M1[1] NGC 1952 Crab Nebula   Supernova remnant 6.3 Taurus 9.0
M2[2] NGC 7089     Cluster, globular 36 Aquarius 7.5
M3[3] NGC 5272     Cluster, globular 31 Canes Venatici 7.0
M4[4] NGC 6121     Cluster, globular 7 Scorpius 7.5
M5[5] NGC 5904     Cluster, globular 23 Serpens 7.0
M6[6] NGC 6405 Butterfly Cluster   Cluster, open 2 Scorpius 4.5
M7[7] NGC 6475 Ptolemy Cluster   Cluster, open 1 Scorpius 3.5
M8[8] NGC 6523 Lagoon Nebula   Nebula with cluster 6.5 Sagittarius 6.0
M9[9] NGC 6333     Cluster, globular 26 Ophiuchus 9.0
M10[10] NGC 6254     Cluster, globular 13 Ophiuchus 7.5
M11[11] NGC 6705 Wild Duck Cluster   Cluster, open 6 Scutum 7.0
M12[12] NGC 6218     Cluster, globular 18 Ophiuchus 8.0
M13[13] NGC 6205 Great Globular Cluster in Hercules   Cluster, globular 22 Hercules 5.8
M14[14] NGC 6402     Cluster, globular 27 Ophiuchus 9.5
M15[15] NGC 7078   Cluster, globular 33 Pegasus 7.5
M16[16] NGC 6611 Eagle Nebula   Nebula, H II region with cluster 7 Serpens 6.5
M17[17] NGC 6618 Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, or Lobster Nebula   Nebula, H II region with cluster 5 Sagittarius 6.0
M18[18] NGC 6613     Cluster, open 6 Sagittarius 8.0
M19[19] NGC 6273     Cluster, globular 27 Ophiuchus 8.5
M20[20] NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula   Nebula, H II region with cluster 5.2 Sagittarius 6.3
M21[21] NGC 6531     Cluster, open 3 Sagittarius 7.0
M22[22] NGC 6656 Sagittarius Cluster   Cluster, globular 10 Sagittarius 5.1
M23[23] NGC 6494     Cluster, open 4.5 Sagittarius 6.0
M24[24] IC 4715 Sagittarius Star Cloud   Milky Way star cloud 10.0 Sagittarius 4.6
M25[25] IC 4725     Cluster, open 2 Sagittarius 4.9
M26[26] NGC 6694     Cluster, open 5 Scutum 9.5
M27[27] NGC 6853 Dumbbell Nebula   Nebula, planetary 1.25 Vulpecula 7.5
M28[28] NGC 6626     Cluster, globular 18 Sagittarius 8.5
M29[29] NGC 6913     Cluster, open 7.2 Cygnus 9.0
M30[30] NGC 7099     Cluster, globular 25 Capricornus 8.5
M31[31] NGC 224 Andromeda Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 2,500 Andromeda 3.4
M32[32] NGC 221     Galaxy, dwarf elliptical 2,900 Andromeda 10.0
M33[33] NGC 598 Triangulum Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 2,810 Triangulum 5.7
M34[34] NGC 1039     Cluster, open 1.4 Perseus 6.0
M35[35] NGC 2168     Cluster, open 2.8 Gemini 5.5
M36[36] NGC 1960     Cluster, open 4.1 Auriga 6.5
M37[37] NGC 2099     Cluster, open 4.6 Auriga 6.0
M38[38] NGC 1912     Cluster, open 4.2 Auriga 7.0
M39[39] NGC 7092     Cluster, open 0.8 Cygnus 5.5
M40[40]   Winnecke 4   Double star WNC4 0.5 Ursa Major 9.0
M41[41] NGC 2287     Cluster, open 2.3 Canis Major 4.5
M42[42] NGC 1976 Orion Nebula   Nebula, H II region 1.6 Orion 4.0
M43[43] NGC 1982 De Mairan's Nebula   Nebula, H II region
(part of the Orion Nebula) 		1.6 Orion 7.0
M44[44] NGC 2632 Beehive Cluster   Cluster, open 0.6 Cancer 3.7
M45[45]   Pleiades   Cluster, open 0.4 Taurus 1.6
M46[46] NGC 2437     Cluster, open 5.4 Puppis 6.5
M47[47] NGC 2422     Cluster, open 1.6 Puppis 4.5
M48[48] NGC 2548     Cluster, open 1.5 Hydra 5.5
M49[49] NGC 4472     Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 10.0
M50[50] NGC 2323     Cluster, open 3 Monoceros 7.0
M51[51] NGC 5194, NGC 5195 Whirlpool Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 37,000 Canes Venatici 8.4
M52[52] NGC 7654     Cluster, open 7 Cassiopeia 8.0
M53[53] NGC 5024     Cluster, globular 56 Coma Berenices 8.5
M54[54] NGC 6715     Cluster, globular 83 Sagittarius 8.5
M55[55] NGC 6809     Cluster, globular 17 Sagittarius 7.0
M56[56] NGC 6779     Cluster, globular 32 Lyra 9.5
M57[57] NGC 6720 Ring Nebula   Nebula, planetary 2.3 Lyra 8.8
M58[58] NGC 4579     Galaxy, barred spiral 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M59[59] NGC 4621     Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.5
M60[60] NGC 4649     Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 10.5
M61[61] NGC 4303     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Virgo 10.5
M62[62] NGC 6266     Cluster, globular 22 Ophiuchus 8.0
M63[63] NGC 5055 Sunflower Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 37,000 Canes Venatici 8.5
M64[64] NGC 4826 Black Eye Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 12,000 Coma Berenices 9.0
M65[65] NGC 3623 Leo Triplet   Galaxy, barred spiral 35,000 Leo 10.5
M66[66] NGC 3627 Leo Triplet   Galaxy, barred spiral 35,000 Leo 10.0
M67[67] NGC 2682     Cluster, open 2.25 Cancer 7.5
M68[68] NGC 4590     Cluster, globular 32 Hydra 9.0
M69[69] NGC 6637     Cluster, globular 25 Sagittarius 9.0
M70[70] NGC 6681     Cluster, globular 28 Sagittarius 9.0
M71[71] NGC 6838     Cluster, globular 12 Sagitta 8.5
M72[72] NGC 6981     Cluster, globular 53 Aquarius 10.0
M73[73] NGC 6994     Asterism   Aquarius 9.0
M74[74] NGC 628     Galaxy, spiral 35,000 Pisces 10.5
M75[75] NGC 6864     Cluster, globular 58 Sagittarius 9.5
M76[76] NGC 650, NGC 651 Little Dumbbell Nebula   Nebula, planetary 3.4 Perseus 10.1
M77[77] NGC 1068 Cetus A   Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Cetus 10.5
M78[78] NGC 2068     Nebula, diffuse 1.6 Orion 8.0
M79[79] NGC 1904     Cluster, globular 40 Lepus 8.5
M80[80] NGC 6093     Cluster, globular 27 Scorpius 8.5
M81[81] NGC 3031 Bode's Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 12,000 Ursa Major 6.9
M82[82] NGC 3034 Cigar Galaxy   Galaxy, starburst 11,000 Ursa Major 9.5
M83[83] NGC 5236 Southern Pinwheel Galaxy   Galaxy, barred spiral 10,000 Hydra 8.5
M84[84] NGC 4374     Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M85[85] NGC 4382     Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M86[86] NGC 4406     Galaxy, lenticular 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M87[87] NGC 4486 Virgo A   Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M88[88] NGC 4501     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M89[89] NGC 4552     Galaxy, elliptical 60,000 Virgo 11.5
M90[90] NGC 4569     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Virgo 11.0
M91[91] NGC 4548     Galaxy, barred spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M92[92] NGC 6341     Cluster, globular 26 Hercules 7.5
M93[93] NGC 2447     Cluster, open 4.5 Puppis 6.5
M94[94] NGC 4736     Galaxy, spiral 14,500 Canes Venatici 9.5
M95[95] NGC 3351     Galaxy, barred spiral 38,000 Leo 11.0
M96[96] NGC 3368     Galaxy, spiral 38,000 Leo 10.5
M97[97] NGC 3587 Owl Nebula   Nebula, planetary 2.6 Ursa Major 9.9
M98[98] NGC 4192     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 11.0
M99[99] NGC 4254     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M100[100] NGC 4321     Galaxy, spiral 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
M101[101] NGC 5457 Pinwheel Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 27,000 Ursa Major 7.9
M102[102] (Not conclusively identified)[103]          
M103[104] NGC 581     Cluster, open 8 Cassiopeia 7.0
M104[105] NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy   Galaxy, spiral 50,000 Virgo 9.5
M105[106] NGC 3379     Galaxy, elliptical 38,000 Leo 11.0
M106[107] NGC 4258     Galaxy, spiral 25,000 Canes Venatici 9.5
M107[108] NGC 6171     Cluster, globular 20 Ophiuchus 10.0
M108[109] NGC 3556     Galaxy, barred spiral 45,000 Ursa Major 11.0
M109[110] NGC 3992     Galaxy, barred spiral 55,000 Ursa Major 11.0
M110[111] NGC 205     Galaxy, dwarf elliptical 2,200 Andromeda 10.0
Messier number NGC Number Common name Picture Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude

മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തുക്കൾ ആകാശമാപ്പിൽ തിരുത്തുക

 
Messier Star Chart.

അവലംബം തിരുത്തുക

  1. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 1". Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
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  3. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 3". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  4. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 4". Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  5. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 5". Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  6. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 6". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  7. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 7". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  8. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 8". Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  9. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 9". Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  10. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 10". Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  11. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 11". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  12. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 12". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
  13. ↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 13". Archived from the original on 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
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